scholarly journals Dark Septate Endophyte Improves Drought Tolerance of Ormosia hosiei Hemsley & E. H. Wilson by Modulating Root Morphology, Ultrastructure, and the Ratio of Root Hormones

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Wei
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Water Capacity

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are known to help host plants survive drought stress; however, how DSEs enhance host plant drought resistance under water stress conditions remains unclear. The objective of this study was to inoculate Ormosia hosiei seedlings with a DSE strain (Acrocalymma vagum) to investigate the effects of DSE inoculation on root morphology, ultrastructure, and the endogenous hormone content under drought stress conditions and to elucidate the drought resistance mechanism involved in the DSE–host-plant association. The inoculated seedlings were grown under three different soil water conditions (well watered—75% field water capacity, moderate water—55% field water capacity, or low water—35% field water capacity) for 114 days. Fresh root weight, root volume, root surface area, root fork, and root tip number were significantly higher in inoculated seedlings than in noninoculated seedlings. Furthermore, the root architecture of the inoculated seedlings changed from herringbone branching to dichotomous branching. Mitochondria and other organelles in root cells of inoculated seedlings remained largely undamaged under water stress, whereas organelles in root cells of noninoculated seedlings were severely damaged. The abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content and IAA/ABA ratio of inoculated seedlings were significantly higher than those of noninoculated seedlings, whereas the content of gibberellic acid (GA) and the ratios of GA/ABA, zeatin riboside (ZR)/ABA, and ZR/IAA in inoculated seedlings were lower than those of noninoculated seedlings. DSE inoculation could help plants adapt to a drought stress environment by altering root morphology, reducing ultrastructural damage, and influencing the balance of endogenous hormones, which could be of great significance for the cultivation and preservation of the O. hosiei tree.

scholarly journals Inherent and Stress-Induced Responses of Fine Root Morphology and Anatomy in Commercial Grapevine Rootstocks with Contrasting Drought Resistance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Idan Reingwirtz ◽  
Jake Uretsky ◽  
Italo F. Cuneo ◽  
Thorsten Knipfer ◽  
Clarissa Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Materials

Some grapevine rootstocks perform better than others during and after drought events, yet it is not clear how inherent and stress-induced differences in root morphology and anatomy along the length of fine roots are involved in these responses. Using a variety of growing conditions and plant materials, we observed significant differences in root diameter, specific root length (SRL) and root diameter distribution between two commonly used commercial grapevine rootstocks: Richter 110 (110R; drought resistant) and Millardet et de Grasset 101-14 (101-14Mgt; drought sensitive). The 110R consistently showed greater root diameters with smaller SRL and proportion of root length comprised of fine lateral roots. The 110R also exhibited significantly greater distance from tip to nearest lateral, longer white root length, and larger proportion of root length that is white under drought stress. Mapping of fine root cortical lacunae showed similar patterns between the rootstocks; mechanical failure of cortical cells was common in the maturation zone, limited near the root tip, and increased with drought stress for both genotypes; however, lacuna formed under wetter soil conditions in 110R. Results suggest that drought resistance in grapevine rootstocks is associated with thick, limitedly branched roots with a larger proportion of white-functional roots that tend to form lacuna under more mild water deficit, all of which likely favor continued resource acquisition at depth.

scholarly journals Morphological and Yield Response of Pulses Against Drought Stress: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Aqsa Tahir ◽  
Masood Qadir ◽  
Rabia Saif ◽  
Saira Sattar ◽  
Sidra Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Drought Condition

Pulses in Pakistan is used in combination with cereals to balance the diet. Its area and production is decreasing for last many years. In the barren and partly arid regions, water shortage is the major component that restricts yield. Using of drought resistance plant is one of the best ways for good cultivation under drought condition. As the pulses have great nutritional and economical values and drought stress affect their morphological features. The legume yield is mostly cultured in rain fed region of the Punjab where they bear a slighter quantity of water situation resulting in low yield of bean. To overcome these problems it is necessary to get knowledge about the performance of different lines of different pulses crops under water stress conditions. That’s why in this paper the information about the previous literature has been discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis increases relative apoplastic water flow in roots of the host plant under both well-watered and drought stress conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1009-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Bárzana ◽  
Ricardo Aroca ◽  
José Antonio Paz ◽  
François Chaumont ◽  
Mari Carmen Martinez-Ballesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

scholarly journals Growth and carbon assimilation limitations in Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) under soil water stress conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanise Luisa Sausen ◽  
Luís Mauro Gonçalves Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Ricinus Communis L

Water availability may influence plant carbon gain and growth, with large impacts on plant yield. Ricinus communis (L.), a drought resistant species, is a crop with increasing economic importance in Brazil, due to its use in chemical industry and for the production of biofuels. Some of the mechanisms involved in this drought resistance were analyzed in this study by imposing progressive water stress to pot-grown plants under glasshouse conditions. Water withholding for 53 days decreased soil water gravimetric content and the leaf water potential. Plant growth was negatively and significantly reduced by increasing soil water deficits. With irrigation suspension, carbon assimilation and transpiration were reduced and remained mostly constant throughout the day. Analysis of A/Ci curves showed increased stomatal limitation, indicating that limitation imposed by stomatal closure is the main factor responsible for photosynthesis reduction. Carboxylation efficiency and electron transport rate were not affected by water stress up to 15 days after withholding water. Drought resistance of castor bean seems to be related to a pronounced, early growth response, an efficient stomatal control and the capacity to keep high net CO2 fixation rates under water stress conditions.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variability in Photosynthesis, Water Use, and Light Absorption among Red and Freeman Maple Cultivars in Response to Drought Stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Bauerle ◽  
Jerry B. Dudley ◽  
Lawrence W. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Psii Efficiency ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Water Stress Condition

Cultivars of red (Acer rubrum L.) and Freeman maple (Acer ×freemanii E. Murray) are popular ornamental plants which are commonly placed in a variety of landscapes. To date, little information quantifies the capacity to tolerate and recover from drought among cultivars of red and Freeman maple. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of water stress on the physiology of five different maple cultivars of marketable size including four red maple genotypes, `Summer Red', `October Glory' (October Glory), `Autumn Flame', and `Franksred' (Red Sunset), as well as one hybridized Freeman maple genotype, `Jeffersred' (Autumn Blaze). Two-year-old cloned genotypes of red and Freeman maple were subjected to two treatments: irrigated daily to container capacity or irrigation withheld for one drought and recovery cycle. Light absorption, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were conducted under well-watered and drought stress conditions that approached 0.070 m3·m-3. Compared to well-watered conditions, drought stress conditions of 0.090 m3·m-3 had a significant main effect that reduced the amount of light absorption in four of the five genotypes. Additionally, absorption among genotypes was different under both well-watered and water stress conditions. Over the course of drought stress and a recovery phase, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were different among genotypes. Maximum photosystem II (PSII) efficiency of dark-adapted leaves (Fv/Fm) was lowered by the water stress condition. The efficiency of excitation capture by open PSII reaction centers (Fv`/Fm') was variable among genotypes. Photochemical quenching was higher in Autumn Blaze, October Glory, and `Summer Red' under drought conditions, which corresponded with a low degree of closure of PSII centers. Additionally, the fraction of excess excitation energy was also lower. Lastly, water deficit caused an increase in PSII efficiency in all genotypes except Autumn Blaze. This research demonstrated physiological variation among commercially available red and Freeman maple genotypes that may be selected for drought tolerance based on site moisture characteristics.

scholarly journals Phenological, Physiological and yield markers as efficient tools to identify drought tolerant rice genotypes in Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Goutam Kumar Dash ◽  
Arti Guhey ◽  
Mirza Jaynul Baig ◽  
Madhusmita Barik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACTRice production is severely threatened by drought stress in Eastern India. To develop drought tolerant varieties, selection of donors for breeding programme is crucial. Twenty one selected rice genotypes including both tolerant and sensitive to drought were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions in dry seasons of two successive years of 2017 and 2018. Leaf water potential, relative water content displayed significant difference among the genotypes during vegetative screening. At reproductive stage drought screening, days to 50% flowering was delayed in all genotypes except N22 and Anjali (showed early flowering) however grain yield and other yield related traits decreased significantly compared to well watered condition. Correlation analysis of phenological and yield related traits with grain yield revealed that tiller numbers and panicle numbers are highly correlated with grain yield both under well-watered and water stress conditions and contributes maximum towards grain yield. The dendrogram grouped Mahamaya, Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, IBD 1, Hazaridhan, Samleshwari and Danteshwari into one cluster which performed better under water stress conditions and had grain yield more than 1.69 tha−1. Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, Vandana, and N22 displayed tolerance to drought both under vegetative and reproductive conditions which could be a good selection for the breeders to develop drought tolerant rice cultivars for eastern region of India.

scholarly journals Priming improves germination and seed reserve utilization, growth, antioxidant responses and membrane stability at early seedling stage of Saudi sorghum varieties under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 938-953
Author(s):  
Taieb TOUNEKTI ◽  
Mosbah MAHDHI ◽  
Zarraq AL-FAIFI ◽  
Habib KHEMIRA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Seedling

Seeds of three sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) varieties from Southwest Saudi Arabia were used to investigate the potential of osmopriming with polyethylene glycol (PEG 8000) to improve germination performance, seed reserve utilization and early seedling growth and drought stress tolerance. The primed (PS) and unprimed (UPS) seeds of the three sorghum varieties were germinated for 8 days under increasing PEG-induced osmotic stress. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a factorial arrangement, with three sorghum cultivars (‘Zaydia’, ‘Shahbi’ and ‘Ahmar’) and four osmotic potentials (0.0; -0.4; -0.8 and -1.2 MPa) with four replicates of 50 seeds each. The results showed that drought stress affected seed germination and seedling emergence and establishment, but increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT). The strongest inhibition of germination and growth occurred at the highest PEG concentration and a significant difference was noticeable between the studied varieties. We confirmed also that seed osmopriming improved seed germination performance, seedling growth and enhanced the CAT activities while reduced malonyldialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and electrolyte leakage (EL) in the drought-stressed seedlings. Seed priming have enhanced also the α-amylase and total proteases activities in all varieties. The largest increase of these hydrolysing enzymes was shown in ‘Ahmar’. Furthermore, the PEG priming lead to improvement of the weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve (WUSR), seed reserve depletion percentage (SRDP) and total seedling dry weight (SLDW) of sorghum seedlings under water stress conditions. Still, the highest values or all three parameters were found in the ‘Ahmar’ variety. Under increasing drought stress conditions, ‘Ahmar’ showed the highest yield stability index (YSI) and the least EL and MDA contents in comparison to the other two varieties during the seedling establishment stage. Therefore, the former variety can tolerate better a rigorous water stress condition. ‘Zaydia’ appears to be the most vulnerable to drought stress. Thus, the use of species or varieties with eminent seed metabolic quality is an advantageous trait in drought-prone regions.

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