scholarly journals The East Asian jigsaw puzzle — Pangaea at risk?

Nature ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 293 (5829) ◽  
pp. 192-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neville Haile
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle

scholarly journals The Unmet Health Needs of East Asian High School Students: Are Homestay Students at Risk?

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina T. Wong ◽  
Yuko Homma ◽  
Joy L. Johnson ◽  
Elizabeth Saewyc
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
At Risk ◽  
High School Students ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
School Students ◽  
Students At Risk ◽  
Unmet Health Needs

Major Impact of Massive Migration on Spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-267
Author(s):  
Igor Mokrousov
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
World Region ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
New Location ◽  
Wide Dissemination

Dissemination of epidemic Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is a global concern, and any world region may be at risk of their introduction. This is a well-known cliché, but the reality is more nuanced. Based on the analysis of East-Asian and Euro-American lineages of M. tuberculosis, three conclusions can be drawn. First, an ordinary human exchange is not sufficient for wide dissemination of an M. tuberculosis strain in a new location. In contrast, a massive influx of migrants dramatically changes the population structure (both human and the pathogen’s). Second, an emerging strain can emerge in its area of origin, but it will not necessarily be successful elsewhere. Third, a strain should be sufficiently prevalent in its country of origin to be efficiently imported to a new location. Summing up, the virulence of M. tuberculosis strains is conditional, but it is not an absolute feature, and the role of human migration in their spread is crucial.

scholarly journals Estimating yields of prenatal carrier screening and implications for design of expanded carrier screening panels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Guo ◽  
Anthony R. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Carrier Screening ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Ashkenazi Jewish ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Recessive Condition ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Genetic Carrier Screening

AbstractPurposePrenatal genetic carrier screening can identify parents at risk of having a child affected by a recessive condition. However, the conditions/genes most appropriate for screening remain a matter of debate. Estimates of carrier rates across genes are needed to guide construction of carrier screening panels.MethodsWe leveraged an exome sequencing database (n=123,136) to estimate carrier rates across 6 major ancestries for 416 genes associated with severe recessive conditions.Results36.5% (East Asian) to 65% (Ashkenazi Jewish) of individuals are variant carriers in at least one of the 416 genes. For couples, screening all 416 genes would identify 0.4-2.8% of couples as being at-risk for having a child affected by one of these conditions. Screening just the 47 genes with carrier rate > 1.0% would identify more than 85% of these at-risk couples. An ancestry-specific panel designed to capture genes with carrier rates > 1.0% would include 6 to 30 genes, while a comparable pan-ethnic panel would include 47 genes.ConclusionOur work guides the design of carrier screening panels and provides data to assist in counseling prospective parents. Our results highlight a high cumulative carrier rate across genes, underscoring the need for careful selection of genes for screening.

scholarly journals Value-at-Risk for South-East Asian Stock Markets: Stochastic Volatility vs. GARCH

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Quang ◽  
Tony Klein ◽  
Nam Nguyen ◽  
Thomas Walther
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Stochastic Volatility ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
East Asian ◽  
East Asian Stock Markets

Scientific progress is like doing a puzzle, not building a wall

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa M. Tullett ◽  
Simine Vazire
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Replication Research

AbstractWe contest the “building a wall” analogy of scientific progress. We argue that this analogy unfairly privileges original research (which is perceived as laying bricks and, therefore, constructive) over replication research (which is perceived as testing and removing bricks and, therefore, destructive). We propose an alternative analogy for scientific progress: solving a jigsaw puzzle.

Maxims of Foreign Policy

Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
W.J. Boot
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Japanese Identity

In the pre-modern period, Japanese identity was articulated in contrast with China. It was, however, articulated in reference to criteria that were commonly accepted in the whole East-Asian cultural sphere; criteria, therefore, that were Chinese in origin.One of the fields in which Japan's conception of a Japanese identity was enacted was that of foreign relations, i.e. of Japan's relations with China, the various kingdoms in Korea, and from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards, with the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutchmen, and the Kingdom of the Ryūkū.

Phonological Awareness Screening to Identify At-Risk Readers

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie Gilbertson ◽  
Ronald K. Bramlett
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Receptive Vocabulary ◽  
Standardized Assessments ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Invented Spelling ◽  
Reading Measures

The purpose of this study was to investigate informal phonological awareness measures as predictors of first-grade broad reading ability. Subjects were 91 former Head Start students who were administered standardized assessments of cognitive ability and receptive vocabulary, and informal phonological awareness measures during kindergarten and early first grade. Regression analyses indicated that three phonological awareness tasks, Invented Spelling, Categorization, and Blending, were the most predictive of standardized reading measures obtained at the end of first grade. Discriminant analyses indicated that these three phonological awareness tasks correctly identified at-risk students with 92% accuracy. Clinical use of a cutoff score for these measures is suggested, along with general intervention guidelines for practicing clinicians.

Effects of a Supplemental Spanish Phonological Awareness Intervention on Latinx Preschoolers' Dual Language Emergent Literacy Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1300
Author(s):  
Xigrid T. Soto ◽  
Andres Crucet-Choi ◽  
Howard Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Emergent Literacy ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Literacy Instruction ◽  
Dual Language ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Dual Language Learners ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Emergent Literacy Skills

Purpose Preschoolers' phonological awareness (PA) and alphabet knowledge (AK) skills are two of the strongest predictors of future reading. Despite evidence that providing at-risk preschoolers with timely emergent literacy interventions can prevent academic difficulties, there is a scarcity of research focusing on Latinx preschoolers who are dual language learners. Despite evidence of benefits of providing Latinxs with Spanish emergent literacy instruction, few studies include preschoolers. This study examined the effects of a supplemental Spanish PA and AK intervention on the dual emergent literacy skills of at-risk Latinx preschoolers. Method A multiple probe design across four units of instruction evaluated the effects of a Spanish supplemental emergent literacy intervention that explicitly facilitated generalizations to English. Four Latinx preschoolers with limited emergent literacy skills in Spanish and English participated in this study. Bilingual researchers delivered scripted lessons targeting PA and AK skills in individual or small groups for 12–17 weeks. Results Children made large gains as each PA skill was introduced into intervention and generalized the PA skills they learned from Spanish to English. They also improved their English initial sound identification skills, a phonemic awareness task, when instruction was delivered in Spanish but with English words. Children made small to moderate gains in their Spanish letter naming and letter–sound correspondence skills and in generalizing this knowledge to English. Conclusion These findings provide preliminary evidence Latinx preschoolers who are dual language learners benefit from emergent literacy instruction that promotes their bilingual and biliterate development.

Reading Risk in Children With Speech Sound Disorder: Prevalence, Persistence, and Predictors

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3714-3726
Author(s):  
Sherine R. Tambyraja ◽  
Kelly Farquharson ◽  
Laura Justice
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Word Decoding ◽  
School Year ◽  
School Based

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which school-age children with speech sound disorder (SSD) exhibit concomitant reading difficulties and examine the extent to which phonological processing and speech production abilities are associated with increased likelihood of reading risks. Method Data were obtained from 120 kindergarten, first-grade, and second-grade children who were in receipt of school-based speech therapy services. Children were categorized as being “at risk” for reading difficulties if standardized scores on a word decoding measure were 1 SD or more from the mean. The selected predictors of reading risk included children's rapid automatized naming ability, phonological awareness (PA), and accuracy of speech sound production. Results Descriptive results indicated that just over 25% of children receiving school-based speech therapy for an SSD exhibited concomitant deficits in word decoding and that those exhibiting risk at the beginning of the school year were likely to continue to be at risk at the end of the school year. Results from a hierarchical logistic regression suggested that, after accounting for children's age, general language abilities, and socioeconomic status, both PA and speech sound production abilities were significantly associated with the likelihood of being classified as at risk. Conclusions School-age children with SSD are at increased risk for reading difficulties that are likely to persist throughout an academic year. The severity of phonological deficits, reflected by PA and speech output, may be important indicators of subsequent reading problems.

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