Correlation of Cell Shape and Function in the Visual Cortex of the Cat

Nature ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 241 (5389) ◽  
pp. 403-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. VAN ESSEN ◽  
J. KELLY
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
And Function

On the 3D Correlation between Myofibroblast Shape and Contraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Khang ◽  
Emma Lejeune ◽  
Ali Abbaspour ◽  
Daniel Howsmon ◽  
Michael Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Stress Fiber ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Peg Hydrogels ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Cell shape is known to correlate closely with stress-fiber geometry and function, and is thus a critical feature of cell biophysical state. However, the relationship between myofibroblast shape and contraction is complex, even as well in regards to steady-state contractile level (basal tonus). At present, the relationship between myofibroblast shape and basal tonus in 3D is poorly understood. Herein, we utilize the aortic valve interstitial cell (AVICs) as a representative myofibroblast to investigate the relationship between basal tonus and overall cell shape. AVICs were embedded within 3D poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels containing degradable peptide crosslinkers, adhesive peptide sequences, and sub-micron fluorescent micro-spheres to track the local displacement field. We then developed a methodology to evaluate the correlation between overall AVIC shape and basal tonus induced contraction. We computed a volume averaged stretch tensor <U> for the volume occupied by the AVIC, which had three distinct eigenvalues (1.08, 0.99, and 0.89), suggesting that AVIC shape is a result of anisotropic contraction. Furthermore, the direction of maximum contraction correlated closely with the longest axis of a bounding ellipsoid enclosing the AVIC. As gel--imbedded AVIC are known to be in a stable state by three days of incubation used herein, this finding suggests that the overall quiescent AVIC shape is driven by the underlying stress-fiber directional structure and possibly contraction level.

scholarly journals The Actin Cortex: A Bridge between Cell Shape and Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Chalut ◽  
Ewa K. Paluch
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Actin Cortex ◽  
And Function

Optimizing micropattern geometries for cell shape and migration with genetic algorithms

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp J. Albert ◽  
Ulrich S. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Function

Adhesive micropatterns have become a standard tool to control cell shape and function in cell culture.

scholarly journals Origin and Function of Tuning Diversity in Macaque Visual Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbe L.T. Goris ◽  
Eero P. Simoncelli ◽  
J. Anthony Movshon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Eye opening differentially modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission in the developing visual cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuqiang Guan ◽  
Jun-Wei Cao ◽  
Lin-Yun Liu ◽  
Zhi-Hao Zhao ◽  
Yinghui Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Animal Development ◽  
Quantal Size ◽  
Excitatory Neurons ◽  
Artificial Opening ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Fast Spiking ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex

AbstractEye opening, a natural and timed event during animal development, influences cortical circuit assembly and maturation; yet, little is known about its precise effect on inhibitory synaptic connections. Here we show that coinciding with eye opening, the strength of unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uIPSCs) from somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) to nearby excitatory neurons, but not interneurons, sharply decreases in layer 2/3 of the mouse visual cortex. In contrast, the strength of uIPSCs from fast-spiking interneurons (FS-INs) to excitatory neurons significantly increases during eye opening. More importantly, these developmental changes can be prevented by dark rearing or binocular lid suture, and reproduced by artificial opening of sutured lids. Mechanistically, this differential maturation of synaptic transmission is accompanied by a significant change in the postsynaptic quantal size. Together, our study reveals a differential regulation in GABAergic circuits in the cortex driven by eye opening likely crucial for cortical maturation and function.

scholarly journals Cytoskeleton Dynamics in Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas: An Intricate Network Sustaining Lymphomagenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Fragliasso ◽  
Annalisa Tameni ◽  
Giorgio Inghirami ◽  
Valentina Mularoni ◽  
Alessia Ciarrocchi
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
T Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Molecular Landscape ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cytoskeleton Dynamics ◽  
Shape Changes ◽  
Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas

Defects in cytoskeleton functions support tumorigenesis fostering an aberrant proliferation and promoting inappropriate migratory and invasive features. The link between cytoskeleton and tumor features has been extensively investigated in solid tumors. However, the emerging genetic and molecular landscape of peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCL) has unveiled several alterations targeting structure and function of the cytoskeleton, highlighting its role in cell shape changes and the aberrant cell division of malignant T cells. In this review, we summarize the most recent evidence about the role of cytoskeleton in PTCLs development and progression. We also discuss how aberrant signaling pathways, like JAK/STAT3, NPM-ALK, RhoGTPase, and Aurora Kinase, can contribute to lymphomagenesis by modifying the structure and the signaling properties of cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Projections of the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arbora Resulaj
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Function ◽  
To Receive

Lesion or damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) results in a profound loss of visual perception in humans. Similarly, in mice, optogenetic silencing of V1 profoundly impairs discrimination of orientated gratings. V1 is thought to have such a critical role in perception in part due to its position in the visual processing hierarchy. It is the first brain area in the neocortex to receive visual input, and it distributes this information to more than 18 brain areas. Here I review recent advances in our understanding of the organization and function of the V1 projections in the mouse. This progress is in part due to new anatomical and viral techniques that allow for efficient labeling of projection neurons. In the final part of the review, I conclude by highlighting challenges and opportunities for future research.

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