Loss of the Sensory Process of an Insect Receptor at Ecdysis

Nature ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 234 (5330) ◽  
pp. 476-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID T. MORAN
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Process

Male-Female Differences in Variables Affecting Performance

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Grasley ◽  
M. M. Ayoub ◽  
Nancy J. Bethea
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Performance Matrix ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sensory Process

Literature concerning variables affecting performance levels of males and females was reviewed. Emphasis was placed on literature using both males and females as subjects in the areas of anthropometric, biomechanical, and physiological variables. When literature using both sexes as subjects was not available, comparable studies were considered for possible use. The results of this review indicate that there are sex differences in anthropometry with regard to body dimensions. In biomechanics, sex differences were noted in reach envelopes strength and flexibility in particular. Physiological differences were noted in responses to heat/cold stress and altitude. These differences were then applied to a performance matrix under the categories of sensory, process and control. Differences noted were either very specific or did not exist at all. This is due in part to a lack of research involving variables as they actually affect performance levels between males and females.

scholarly journals Data driven parametric design

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Facklam ◽  
Felipe Pecegueiro do Amaral Curado
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Geometric Shape ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Systematic Procedure ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Sensory Process

The focus of this paper is that we want to give a brief introduction about the idea of Parametric Design (PD) and the use of data to inform the design process. The digital fabrication is not covered in detail in this document. In the case study “Live Building” explains a sensory process. The project shows how to collect data, transformed and transported into a shape. Innovation is not only the approach of the draft, but the systematic procedure and the resulting diversity of solutions. The search for the geometric shape and the key to the concept will be answered in detail.

scholarly journals Bumblebee electric charge stimulates floral volatile emissions in Petunia integrifolia but not in Antirrhinum majus

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Montgomery ◽  
Jozsef Vuts ◽  
Christine M. Woodcock ◽  
David M. Withall ◽  
Michael A. Birkett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Volatile Emissions ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Floral Volatile ◽  
Electrically Charged ◽  
Sensory Process ◽  
Petunia Integrifolia

AbstractThe timing of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission by flowering plants often coincides with pollinator foraging activity. Volatile emission is often considered to be paced by environmental variables, such as light intensity, and/or by circadian rhythmicity. The question arises as to what extent pollinators themselves provide information about their presence, in keeping with their long co-evolution with flowering plants. Bumblebees are electrically charged and provide electrical stimulation when visiting plants, as measured via the depolarisation of electric potential in the stem of flowers. Here we test the hypothesis that the electric charge of foraging bumblebees increases the floral volatile emissions of bee pollinated plants. We investigate the change in VOC emissions of two bee-pollinated plants (Petunia integrifolia and Antirrhinum majus) exposed to the electric charge typical of foraging bumblebees. P. integrifolia slightly increases its emissions of a behaviorally and physiologically active compound in response to visits by foraging bumblebees, presenting on average 121 pC of electric charge. We show that for P. integrifolia, strong electrical stimulation (600–700 pC) promotes increased volatile emissions, but this is not found when using weaker electrical charges more representative of flying pollinators (100 pC). Floral volatile emissions of A. majus were not affected by either strong (600–700 pC) or weak electric charges (100 pC). This study opens a new area of research whereby the electrical charge of flying insects may provide information to plants on the presence and phenology of their pollinators. As a form of electroreception, this sensory process would bear adaptive value, enabling plants to better ensure that their attractive chemical messages are released when a potential recipient is present.

scholarly journals Transduction Ion Channels Directly Gated by Sugars on the Insect Taste Cell

2000 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Murakami ◽  
Hiromasa Kijima
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Taste Cell ◽  
Sugar Receptor ◽  
Taste Hairs ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
Sensory Process ◽  
Receptor Channel

Insects detect sugars and amino acids by a specialized taste cell, the sugar receptor cell, in the taste hairs located on their labela and tarsi. We patch-clamped sensory processes of taste cells regenerated from the cut end of the taste hairs on the labelum of the flashfly isolated from the pupa ∼20 h before emergence. We recorded both single channel and ensemble currents of novel ion channels located on the distal membrane of the sensory process of the sugar receptor cell. In the stable outside-out patch membrane excised from the sensory processes, we could repeatedly record sucrose-induced currents for tens of minutes without appreciable decrease. An inhibitor of G-protein activation, GDP-β-S, did not significantly decrease the sucrose response. These results strongly suggested that the channel is an ionotropic receptor (a receptor/channel complex), activated directly by sucrose without mediation by second messengers or G protein. The channel was shown to be a nonselective cation channel. Analyses of single channel currents showed that the sucrose-gated channel has a single channel conductance of ∼30 pS and has a very short mean open time of ∼0.23 ms. It is inhibited by external Ca2+ and the dose–current amplitude relation could be described by a Michaelis-Menten curve with an apparent dissociation constant of ∼270 mM. We also report transduction ion channels of the receptor/channel complex type directly gated by fructose and those gated by L-valine located on the sensory process.

scholarly journals Receptor current fluctuation analysis in the labellar sugar receptor of the fleshfly.

1988 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kijima ◽  
K Nagata ◽  
A Nishiyama ◽  
H Morita
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Current Fluctuation ◽  
Sugar Receptor ◽  
Current Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Sensory Process

Fluctuations in the receptor current of the labellar sugar receptor of the fleshfly were analyzed. The receptor current was recorded extracellularly as a drop in potential between the tip and the base of the taste sensillum. After treatment with tetrodotoxin, the taste cells completely lost their impulses but retained their receptor currents, thus facilitating analysis of the receptor current without disturbance by impulses. The current fluctuation increased markedly when the sensillum was stimulated with effective sugars: maltose, sucrose, and fructose. The fluctuation increased in parallel with development of the receptor current, which indicates that it occurs as soon as the sugar reaches the apex of the sensory process. Analysis of fluctuations by computation of autocorrelation functions (ACFs) or power spectra (PS) revealed that: (a) the variance (mean square) of fluctuation vs. sugar concentration curve reached a maximum, in contrast to the monotonic increase shown by the receptor current; (b) the ACF was approximated by an exponential term, and its time constant differed according to the sugars used and their concentrations. The time constants for fructose and maltose decreased with increases in sugar concentration. At the concentrations of sugars evoking the same magnitude of receptor current, the time constant for fructose was the largest and that for maltose was the smallest. It was strongly suggested that transduction ion channels are present at the tip region of the sensory process of the sugar receptor cell and are operated directly by sugars.

scholarly journals Propiocepción: Tratamientos seccionados en pacientes vivos no divisibles / Proprioception: Sectioned Treatments in Non-Divisible Living Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (75) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Ruales-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Communication ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Language ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sensory Process ◽  
Comprehensive Treatments

RESUMEN. Objetivo: El presente artículo desarrolla un argumento acerca de la indivisibilidad del ser humano y de cómo el individuo permanece en constante movimiento. Asimismo, explica la posturología como la hermenéutica diagnóstica y la propiocepción como la constante fisiológica. Método: La divulgación científica especializada requiere ir más allá de la necesaria evidencia, individual y aislada, para entrar en sinergia con las demás ciencias de la salud. El exceso de información inconexa genera debilidad en las bases del conocimiento. Ahora bien, al recurrir a ellas se pretende interconectarlas con la odontología. La tendencia actual hacia los tratamientos multidisciplinarios e integrales se torna irrelevante cuando lo que falla es el fundamento diagnóstico. Se requiere entonces de comunicación interdisciplinar y de un lenguaje común entre las diferentes especialidades. Conclusiones: Los signos vitales como constantes del movimiento humano y la unión tisular indivisible proporcionan la evidencia de la consecución de la estabilidad corporal como fin terapéutico. La odontología interactúa de manera activa y pasiva en esa búsqueda. La propiocepción es el proceso sensorial clave para encontrar dicha estabilidad.ABSTRACT. Purpose: This article develops an argument about the indivisibility of the human being and how the individual remains in constant movement. In addition, it explains posturology as the diagnostic hermeneutics and proprioception as the physiological constant. Method: Specialized scientific dissemination should to go beyond the necessary individual and isolated evidence, to enter into synergy with the other health sciences. The excess of disjointed information turns weak the bases of knowledge, thus resorting to them seeks to connect them with Dentistry. The current trend towards multidisciplinary and comprehensive treatments becomes irrelevant when diagnostic foundations are failing. Hence, interdisciplinary communication and a common language among specialties are necessary. Conclusions: Vital signs, as constants of human movement, and indivisible tissue blending provide the evidence to achieve body stability as a therapeutic goal. Dentistry interacts actively and passively in this search and proprioception is the key sensory process to find stability.

Conditional Probability and Components of RT in the Variable Foreperiod Experiment

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivor Stilitz
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Slow Reaction ◽  
Probability Effect ◽  
Sensory Process ◽  
Reaction Component

If the passage of time during the foreperiod in a variable foreperiod experiment is marked by a series of tones, RT decreases with the conditional probability of stimulus occurrence. RTs at short foreperiods, however, are rather slower than would be expected on the basis of a simple conditional probability effect. It is suggested that this is attributable to an independent “initial slow reaction” effect, and it is shown that the degree of this effect is influenced by the duration of the prior foreperiod. The results are related to those of variable foreperiod a-reactions in which no conditional probability effect has been found, and it is argued that in a marked reaction of the kind described above, the initial slow reaction effect behaves like an a-reaction component of RT. It is suggested that the absence of a conditional probability effect in the a-reaction and its presence in the marked reaction are related to the fact that a different type of sensory process is used to identify the signal in each case.

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