N-Formyl-Methionyl-sRibonucleic Acid and Chain Initiation in Protein Biosynthesis: Polypeptide Synthesis Directed by a Bacteriophage Ribonucleic Acid in a Cell-Free System

Nature ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 211 (5047) ◽  
pp. 378-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. C. CLARK ◽  
K. A. MARCKER
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Free System ◽  
Chain Initiation ◽  
Cell Free System ◽  
Polypeptide Synthesis ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals The limiting factors of a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from rat brain

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Free System ◽  
Chain Initiation ◽  
Cell Free System ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
A Cell

The limiting factors of a cell-free system from rat brain for incorporating amino acids into protein were studied. The initial more rapid incorporation by microsomes, as opposed to that by ribosomes, is suggested to be due to damage of the ribosomes by detergent. The defect is rectifiable by incubation of the ribosomes in cell sap, so that ribosomes eventually incorporate more amino acid than do microsomes. This may be because ribonuclease, which is associated with the microsomes but removed by detergent treatment, inactivates the microsomal system. The factor that causes incorporation by microsomes to cease abruptly within 1h is not the lack of any precursor or of adenosine triphosphate, of the inactivation of cell-sap factors or the accumulation of inhibitory substances, but is a deficiency of usable messenger ribonucleic acid. Chain initiation in the system is negligible. Ribosomes also become jammed at the end of messenger ribonucleic acid molecules, unable to terminate protein chains. This eventually leads to jammed polyribosomes, which can be partially relieved by very low concentrations of puromycin. A study of the release of polypeptides synthesized in response to the addition of synthetic messengers did not provide any conclusive information on chain-termination sequences, but did indicate some phenomena that were artifacts. It is concluded that ribonuclease action is sufficient to account for all the deficiencies of the cell-free system, but a lack of chain initiation may be a contributory factor.

The influence of cyclic GMP on polypeptide synthesis in a cell-free system derived from wheat embryos

1974 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Lanzani ◽  
M. Giannattasio ◽  
L.A. Manzocchi ◽  
R. Bollini ◽  
A.N. Soffientini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Gmp ◽  
Free System ◽  
Cell Free System ◽  
Polypeptide Synthesis ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Wheat Embryos

Methylation of ribonucleic acid in a cell-free system from mouse myeloma cells

Biochemistry ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 4303-4310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Brown ◽  
Chi Jiunn Pan ◽  
William F. Marzluff
Keyword(s):  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Free System ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
Cell Free System ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Mouse Myeloma
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