Relationship between Air Temperature and Mean Radiant Temperature in Thermal Comfort

Nature ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 196 (4854) ◽  
pp. 587-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER KOCH
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Radiant Temperature

scholarly journals Thermal comfort of patients in hospital ward areas

1977 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Smith ◽  
A. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hospital Ward ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiant Temperature

SUMMARYThe patient is identified as being of prime importance for comfort standards in hospital ward areas, other ward users being expected to adjust their dress to suit the conditions necessary for patient comfort. A study to identify the optimum steady state conditions for patient comfort is then described.Although this study raises some doubts as to the applicability of the standard thermal comfort assessment techniques to ward areas, it is felt that its results give a good indication of the steady-state conditions preferred by the patients. These were an air temperature of between 21.5° and 22° C and a relative humidity of between 30% and 70%, where the air velocity was less than 0.1 m/s and the mean radiant temperature was close to air temperature.

scholarly journals Field Assessment of Neighboring Building and Tree Shading Effects on the 3D Radiant Environment and Human Thermal Comfort in Summer within Urban Settlements in Northeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jing Du ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Radiant Flux ◽  
View Factor ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Long Wave ◽  
Shading Effects ◽  
Radiant Temperature

Shading is one of the most effective strategies to mitigate urban local-scale heat stress during summer. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of shading caused by buildings and trees via exhaustive field measurement research on urban outdoor 3D radiant environment and human thermal comfort. We analyzed the characteristics of micrometeorology and human thermal comfort at shaded areas, and compared the difference between building and tree shading effects as well as that between shaded and sunlit sites. The results demonstrate that mean radiant temperature Tmrt (mean reduction values of 28.1°C for tree shading and 28.8°C for building shading) decreased considerably more than air temperature Ta (mean reduction values of 1.9°C for tree shading and 1.2°C for building shading) owing to shading; furthermore, the reduction effect of shading on UTCI synthesized the variation in the above two parameters. Within the shaded areas, short-wave radiant components (mean standardized values of 0.104 for tree shading and 0.087 for building shading) decreased considerably more than long-wave radiant components (mean standardized values of 0.848 for tree shading and 0.851 for building shading) owing to shading; the proportion of long-wave radiant flux densities absorbed by the reference standing person was high, leading to a relatively high long-wave mean radiant temperature, and R2 between long-wave mean radiant temperature and air temperature exceeded 0.8. Moreover, the directional sky view factor (SVF) was utilized in this study, and it showed significant positive correlation with short-wave radiant flux densities, but no statistically evident correlation with long-wave radiant flux densities. Meanwhile, Tmrt was most relevant with SVFS⟶ with R2 of 0.9756. Furthermore, UTCI rose two categories at the sunlit areas compared with that at the shaded areas. In contrast, Ta and Tmrt played the first positive role in UTCI at shaded and sunlit areas, respectively.

scholarly journals Modeling Mean Radiant Temperature Distribution in Urban Landscapes Using DART

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Maria Angela Dissegna ◽  
Tiangang Yin ◽  
Hao Wu ◽  
Nicolas Lauret ◽  
Shanshan Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Radiant Temperature

The microclimatic conditions of the urban environment influence significantly the thermal comfort of human beings. One of the main human biometeorology parameters of thermal comfort is the Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt), which quantifies effective radiative flux reaching a human body. Simulation tools have proven useful to analyze the radiative behavior of an urban space and its impact on the inhabitants. We present a new method to produce detailed modeling of Tmrt spatial distribution using the 3-D Discrete Anisotropic Radiation Transfer model (DART). Our approach is capable to simulate Tmrt at different scales and under a range of parameters including the urban pattern, surface material of ground, walls, roofs, and properties of the vegetation (coverage, shape, spectral signature, Leaf Area Index and Leaf Area Density). The main advantages of our method are found in (1) the fine treatment of radiation in both short-wave and long-wave domains, (2) detailed specification of optical properties of urban surface materials and of vegetation, (3) precise representation of the vegetation component, and (4) capability to assimilate 3-D inputs derived from multisource remote sensing data. We illustrate and provide a first evaluation of the method in Singapore, a tropical city experiencing strong Urban Heat Island effect (UHI) and seeking to enhance the outdoor thermal comfort. The comparison between DART modelled and field estimated Tmrt shows good agreement in our study site under clear-sky condition over a time period from 10:00 to 19:00 (R2 = 0.9697, RMSE = 3.3249). The use of a 3-D radiative transfer model shows promising capability to study urban microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort with increasing landscape details, and to build linkage to remote sensing data. Our methodology has the potential to contribute towards optimizing climate-sensitive urban design when combined with the appropriate tools.

scholarly journals How Can We Adapt Thermal Comfort for Disabled Patients? A Case Study of French Healthcare Buildings in Summer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4530
Author(s):  
Youcef Bouzidi ◽  
Zoubayre El Akili ◽  
Antoine Gademer ◽  
Nacef Tazi ◽  
Adil Chahboun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
Radiant Temperature

This paper investigates adaptive thermal comfort during summer in medical residences that are located in the French city of Troyes and managed by the Association of Parents of Disabled Children (APEI). Thermal comfort in these buildings is evaluated using subjective measurements and objective physical parameters. The thermal sensations of respondents were determined by questionnaires, while thermal comfort was estimated using the predicted mean vote (PMV) model. Indoor environmental parameters (relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, air temperature, and air velocity) were measured using a thermal environment sensor during the summer period in July and August 2018. A good correlation was found between operative temperature, mean radiant temperature, and PMV. The neutral temperature was determined by linear regression analysis of the operative temperature and Fanger’s PMV model. The obtained neutral temperature is 23.7 °C. Based on the datasets and questionnaires, the adaptive coefficient α representing patients’ capacity to adapt to heat was found to be 1.261. A strong correlation was also observed between the sequential thermal index n(t) and the adaptive temperature. Finally, a new empirical model of adaptive temperature was developed using the data collected from a longitudinal survey in four residential buildings of APEI in summer, and the obtained adaptive temperature is 25.0 °C with upper and lower limits of 24.7 °C and 25.4 °C.

Design Range of Indoor Relative Humidity in Radiant Cooling Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4905-4908
Author(s):  
Xue Min Sui ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Guang Hui Han
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Radiant Cooling ◽  
Climate Parameter ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
Thermal Comfort Model ◽  
The Impact

Relative humidity is an important micro-climate parameter in radiant cooling environment. Based on the human thermal comfort model, this paper studied the effect on PMV index of relative humidity, and studied the relationship of low mean radiant temperature and relative humidity, drew the appropriate design range of indoor relative humidity for radiant cooling systems.The results show that high relative humidity can compensate for the impact on thermal comfort of low mean radiant temperature, on the premise of achieving the same thermal comfort requirements. However, because of the limited compensation range of relative humidity, together with the constraints for it due to anti-condensation of radiant terminal devices, the design range of relative humidity should not be improved, and it can still use the traditional air-conditioning design standards.

scholarly journals A climatic study of an urban green space: the Gulbenkian Park in Lisbon (Portugal)

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (84) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Andrade ◽  
Rute Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Incident Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Isolated Trees ◽  
Radiant Temperature

Measurements of various climatic parameters were carried out in an average-sized green space in the centre of Lisbon (the Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian Park). The aims consisted of assessing the thermal differentiation between the park and the surrounding built-up area and analysing the microclimatic patterns within the park itself. The main results demonstrate that the park is cooler than the built-up area in all the seasons and both during the daytime and at night, but especially so in the daytime during the summer. The most significant microclimatic contrasts were found to occur with respect to solar radiation and mean radiant temperature, with consequences upon the level of thermal comfort. The structure of the vegetation was also found to have a significant microclimatic influence, since the reduction in the level of incident solar radiation brought on by the presence of groups of trees was much larger than that associated with isolated trees.

scholarly journals The most problematic variable in the course of human-biometeorological comfort assessment — the mean radiant temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noémi Kántor ◽  
János Unger
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Short Wave ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Radiation Fluxes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiant Temperature

AbstractThis paper gives a review on the topic of the mean radiant temperature Tmrt, the most important parameter influencing outdoor thermal comfort during sunny conditions. Tmrt summarizes all short wave and long wave radiation fluxes reaching the human body, which can be very complex (variable in spatial and also in temporal manner) in urban settings. Thermal comfort researchers and urban planners need easy and sound methodological approaches to assess Tmrt. After the basics of the Tmrt calculation some of the methods suitable for obtaining Tmrt also in urban environments will be presented.. Two of the discussed methods are based on instruments which measure the radiation fluxes integral (globe thermometer, pyranometer-pyrgeometer combination), and three of the methods are based on modelling the radiation environment with PC software (RayMan, ENVI-met and SOLWEIG).

scholarly journals The Derivation of Cooling Set-Point Temperature in an HVAC System, Considering Mean Radiant Temperature

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5417
Author(s):  
Jinmog Han ◽  
Jongkyun Bae ◽  
Jihoon Jang ◽  
Jumi Baek ◽  
Seung-Bok Leigh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
System Control ◽  
Hvac System ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Point Temperature ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Radiant Temperature

Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems usually have a set-point temperature control feature that uses the indoor dry-bulb temperature to control the indoor environment. However, an incorrect set-point temperature can reduce thermal comfort and result in unnecessary energy consumption. This study focuses on a derivation method for the optimal cooling set-point temperature of an HVAC system used in office buildings, considering the thermal characteristics and daily changes in the weather conditions, to establish a comfortable indoor environment and minimize unnecessary energy consumption. The operative temperature is used in the HVAC system control, and the mean radiant temperature is predicted with 94% accuracy through a multiple regression analysis by applying the indoor thermal environment data and weather information. The regression equation was utilized to create an additional equation to calculate the optimal set-point temperature. The simulation results indicate that the HVAC system control with the new set-point temperatures calculated from the derived equation improves thermal comfort by 38.5% (26%p). This study confirmed that a cooling set-point temperature that considers both the thermal characteristics of a building and weather conditions is effective in enhancing the indoor thermal comfort during summer.

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