A Lake in British Columbia containing Old Sea-Water

Nature ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 191 (4790) ◽  
pp. 830-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. WILLIAMS ◽  
W. H. MATHEWS ◽  
G. L. PICKARD
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sea Water

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Temperature and Salinity of Surface Waters of the British Columbia Coast

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Pickard ◽  
D. C. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
The West ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Land Drainage ◽  
Run Off

Grand monthly means of daily observations of surface sea-water temperature and salinity from twelve light stations along the British Columbia coast during the 13 years 1935 to 1948 have been analysed. In general the temperatures reach a minimum of 45°F. ± 1° (7.2 °C. ± 0.5°) in January and February. The maximum varies from 50° to 64°F. (10° to 18 °C.) in August. The warmest waters occur in bays protected from wind action, and the coldest waters occur in regions of turbulent mixing due to wind or strong currents. The salinity along the mainland coast is a minimum in early summer, associated with the maximum run-off from melting snow. Along the west coast of Vancouver Island the minimum occurs in mid-winter, associated with maximum precipitation which is not stored as snow in this region. At the southern and northern tip of the Queen Charlotte Islands there is little or no variation of salinity because there is no land drainage of consequence in the vicinity.In passes between Georgia Strait and the sea where the waters are mixed to homogeneity by strong tidal currents the annual variation of temperature and salinity is reduced, and in some cases entirely suppressed.On the west coast of Vancouver Island it is shown that the annual cycle is affected by the dominant winds and upwelling of deep ocean waters.

First results of the MOSES experiment: Sea sediment conductivity and thickness determination, Bute Inlet, British Columbia, by magnetometric offshore electrical sounding

Geophysics ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Edwards ◽  
L. K. Law ◽  
P. A. Wolfgram ◽  
D. C. Nobes ◽  
M. N. Bone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Crustal Rock ◽  
Crustal Material ◽  
Electrical Method ◽  
Azimuthal Component ◽  
Type Curves ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Eigenvector Analysis

A static electrical method has been developed to determine the electrical resistivity of crustal rock beneath the sea. The transmitter is a vertical, long‐wire bipole, extending from the sea surface to the sea floor. A commutated current, generated on the ship, is fed to two large electrodes: one near the sea surface, the other at the end of a long insulated wire. The return path for the current is through the sea and the subjacent crust. The receiver is a self‐contained, remote, microprocessor‐controlled magnetometer which is deployed from the ship to the sea floor and subsequently recovered. The data are measurements of the azimuthal component of the magnetic field as a function of transmitter‐receiver horizontal separation. The acronym MOSES has been coined for the method. The choice of the name MOSES is appropriate because the system geometry is carefully arranged to remove many of the adverse effects of the relatively conductive sea water. In particular, accurate estimates of sea floor resistivity are possible because the data are proportional to the transmitted current from the source into the crustal material. A sea test of the method in a water depth of 640 m was conducted in the “V” shaped Bute Inlet, British Columbia. Transmitted power was 1.25 kW; averaging time at each transmitter location was 1 hour. Transmitter‐receiver separations ranged from 150 to 2 000 m. The resistivity and thickness of a sedimentary section beneath the sea were determined as 1.9⋅Ω m and 560 m, respectively. The interpretation was accomplished both by matching the data converted to apparent resistivity to corresponding model type curves and by generalized linear inverse theory. Errors in the final parameters were estimated at about 9.2 percent using a parameter eigenvector analysis. The interpreted resistivity is in accord with direct measurement on core samples of sediment porosity. The interpreted thickness is less than an upper limit determined by extrapolating local inlet topography beneath the sea.

Ionic Ratios of Some of the Major Components in River-Diluted Sea Water in Bute and Knight Inlets, British Columbia

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Analytical Error ◽  
Ionic Ratios ◽  
Exchange Processes

The variation in the K+/Na+ and Ca++/Na+ ratios in highly diluted sea waters near the heads of two British Columbia inlets has been determined flame photometrically. Although the values agree in general with those calculated from the effect of dilution, discrepancies larger than the analytical error appear. These discrepancies may be explained by cation exchange processes taking place where the silt suspended in the river meets the sea.

The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: XII. Mineral Constituents of some Food Fishes of British Columbia

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Riddell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Mineral Constituents ◽  
Composite Samples

Ashes of composite samples of canned sockeye, pink and blueback salmon and canned pilchard were analyzed for Ca, Mg, Na, Ka P. Cl, S and traces of Cu and Mn. Comparison of the relative amounts of these elements with their concentration in sea water indicates selective absorption of Ca and K over Mg and Na respectively. The presence of Cu and Mn in trades is important for dietetic purposes.

scholarly journals Painting Deep Time: Encountering Landforms’ Alterity and Phusis Through Phenomenology and Oil Painting

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
Tanya J. Behrisch
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Phenomenological Research ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
Face To Face

The practice of oil painting landforms, rocks and sea water in Jervis Inlet, British Columbia (BC) puts me in dialogue with land’s resistant alterity.  By closely attuning to landforms, and by stepping back and blurring my focus at regular intervals while practicing oil painting of landforms, I experience phusis of land and of my painting.  Through self-concealment and emergence, land alternates between revealing and enfolding its character, resisting my human comprehension but speaking to more-than-human elements in myself.  The slow accretive process of oil painting lends itself to phenomenological research, taking days and weeks for paint to dry before new layers can be applied.  This slowness produces phusis within me as an artist, as I am forced to withdraw from the painting while its layers dry and we reassume an unfamiliarity with one another as dual subjects.  Through oil painting, landforms’ alterity shifts towards familiarity.  Earth’s elements originate in deep time, pre-dating human experience.  Cycling within me is a repository of minerals, water, and salinity originating in deep time.  This draws attention to alterity within my own body.  By practicing phenomenological research through painting landforms, I encounter the phenomenological paradox of deep time and come face-to-face with the originary elemental origin I share with landforms.

scholarly journals The Preservation of Fishing Nets, Trawl Twines and Fibre Ropes for Use in Sea Water

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. G. Atkins ◽  
F. J. Warren
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Specification Test ◽  
Water Basin ◽  
Copper Naphthenate ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Water Equilibrium

A trade waterproofing of sisal rope had still some effect after 3 days in sea water, the untreated being four-fifths saturated in 1 hr.Treating manila, sisal and coir rope with Cuprinol or tar increases the wet weight at the most only slightly as less water is taken up than without preservative.Water equilibrium is not attained till long after the B.S.I, specification test period for waterproofing sisal rope, but some effect of waterproofing may be distinguished up to perhaps 3 days.On cotton netting copper naphthenate preservatives were most durable in a clean sea-water basin, but Dr Olie's method with cutch and ammoniacal copper sulphate ran them close and is cheaper. The best lasted 9 months as against untreated 5½ months.On trawl twines the British Columbia grade of Cuprinol, a proprietary mixture containing copper naphthenate, was the best of those tried, and the twines lasted 16 months as against almost 9 for untreated manila.On thin sisal rope six copper preparations are still under test.

Dispersion of Kraft-Mill Effluent from a Submarine Diffuser in Stuart Channel, British Columbia

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Waldichuk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Estuarine Region

Stuart Channel is a stratified, estuarine region typical of British Columbia coastal "inside" waters. Tidal currents are mostly less than 1 kt at all depths, and set to the northwest on the flood and southeast on the ebb, along the axis of the channel. Effluent released by a submarine diffuser, from the kraft pulp mill at Crofton, mixes in a ratio of about 1:22 with sea water as it rises to the surface. The entrainment of cold, saline water in the ascent gives the effluent–sea water mixture at the "boil" above the diffuser a density usually greater than that of surface sea water. Therefore, the mixture generally sinks and spreads in a thin sheet at a depth between 3 and 10 m. Non-tidal currents at the surface and at 9–10 m depth could be expected to give the effluent present in these layers a net displacement seaward through Sansum Narrows. Effluent at a depth of 4–5 m would receive a net transport in the opposite direction (northwest) and could be expected to be retained in the channel much longer.

Occurrence and Distribution of Sea Water in Sakinaw Lake, British Columbia

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Northcote ◽  
W. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sea Water

not available

Survival of certain naturally acquired freshwater parasites of juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), in hosts held in fresh and sea water, and implications for their use as population tags

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1757-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Bailey ◽  
L. Margolis ◽  
G. D. Workman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Natural Tags

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts were captured from the outlet streams of Cultus Lake, British Columbia, in 1985 and 1986, and from Fraser Lake, British Columbia, in 1986. Samples collected in 1985 were reared in salt water. Samples collected from each lake in 1986 were divided equally into two groups: one group was reared in fresh water, the other was maintained in salt water. Initially biweekly, and later monthly, subsamples from each group were examined for seven parasite taxa: Myxidium salvelini, Diplostomulum sp. metacercaria, Phyllodistomum umblae, Eubothrium sp. (immature), Proteocephalus sp. (immature), Neoechinorhynchus salmonis, and Salmincola californiensis. The maximum life-span was greater than the duration of the experiments (32–40 weeks) for all species in hosts reared in fresh water (except for S. californiensis, which was removed from all freshwater hosts). Survival of M. salvelini, P. umblae, and S. californiensis was reduced in hosts reared in sea water. No differences in survival of each of Diplostomulum sp. metacercaria, Eubothrium sp., Proteocephalus sp., and N. salmonis were observed between hosts held in fresh water or salt water. Implications for the use of these parasites as natural tags are discussed.

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