Variation in the Amounts of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in the Cell Nuclei and its Correlation with Mitotic Activity: Compensatory Hypertrophy of the Kidney

Nature ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 175 (4459) ◽  
pp. 684-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FAUTREZ ◽  
G. CAVALLI ◽  
E. PISI
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Cell Nuclei

scholarly journals Involvement of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase β in nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis

1978 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Butt ◽  
W M Wood ◽  
E L McKay ◽  
R L P Adams
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Polymerase Beta ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
High Molecular Weight Dna ◽  
Dna Polymerase Alpha ◽  
Polymerase Beta

The effects on DNA synthesis in vitro in mouse L929-cell nuclei of differential extraction of DNA polymerases alpha and beta were studied. Removal of all measurable DNA polymerase alpha and 20% of DNA polymerase beta leads to a 40% fall in the replicative DNA synthesis. Removal of 70% of DNA polymerase beta inhibits replicative synthesis by 80%. In all cases the nuclear DNA synthesis is sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and aCTP (arabinosylcytosine triphosphate), though less so than DNA polymerase alpha. Addition of deoxyribonuclease I to the nuclear incubation leads to synthesis of high-molecular-weight DNA in a repair reaction. This occurs equally in nuclei from non-growing or S-phase cells. The former nuclei lack DNA polymerase alpha and the reaction reflects the sensitivity of DNA polymerase beta to inhibiton by N-ethylmaleimide and aCTP.

Analytical studies on the shoot apex of Helianthus annuus

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Steeves ◽  
M. Anne Hicks ◽  
J. M. Naylor ◽  
Patricia Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Liquid Culture Medium ◽  
Vegetative Shoot Apex

The vegetative shoot apex of Helianthus annuus contains a central zone in which the cell nuclei are relatively large and stain faintly in the Feulgen reaction. Excised apices in the vegetative state were supplied with thymidine-H3 through their sterile, liquid culture medium. Autoradiography after 24 or 48 hours of feeding revealed no significant incorporation of the labeled precursor into central zone nuclei, but extensive incorporation in peripheral regions of the apex. It is concluded that during vegetative growth deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and mitosis are arrested in the central zone or reduced to an extremely slow rate. Microspectrophotometry, however, indicates that the central zone nuclei are not held at the 2C level. With the onset of flowering, cytological zonation disappears in the apex and the incorporation of thymidine-H3 is uniformly heavy throughout the apical region.

BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF IRRADIATION ON LIVER REGENERATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Local Irradiation ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Marked Accumulation ◽  
Liver Region ◽  
Rat Livers ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Effects Of Irradiation On

Little change in the total weight, number of cell nuclei, and amounts of protein, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribonucleic acid occurs in rat livers after local irradiation of the liver region. However, irradiation of the normal liver before partial hepatectomy does retard subsequent DNA accumulation and increase in number of cell nuclei. These effects appear to be due to a localized action of the radiation on the liver cells. The lag in DNA accumulation is not accompanied by a marked accumulation of acid-soluble purine–deoxyribose derivatives.

scholarly journals Effect of drugs on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in isolated mammalian cell nuclei. Comparison with partially purified deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases

1979 ◽  
Vol 178 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Burke ◽  
P M Duff ◽  
C K Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Isolated Nuclei ◽  
Dna Polymerase Alpha ◽  
Polymerase Beta ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis

In order to ascertain the identity of the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase responsible for the observed DNA synthesis in nuclei isolated from baby-hamster kidney (BHK-21/C13) cells a comparative study was carried out on the effects of some drugs, reported to influence DNA synthesis, on DNA synthesis catalysed by these nuclei and by partially purified DNA polymerase-alpha and -beta. In all cases DNA synthesis by isolated nuclei and polymerase-alpha was inhibited to similar extents by N-ethylmaleimide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, novobiocin, heparin and phosphonoacetic acid; polymerase-beta was much less affected by these compounds. Ethidium bromide inhibited all DNA synthesis to similar extents, although at low concentrations (about 2 microgram/ml) synthesis in isolated nuclei was stimulated. The results are discussed in relation to the proposal that DNA polymerase-alpha catalyses the covalent extension of Okazaki fragments that these nuclei carry out in vitro.

scholarly journals MICROCHEMICAL DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID DETERMINATION IN INDIVIDUAL CELLS

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Edström ◽  
Jerzy Kawiak
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Good Agreement

A method for the quantitative determination of DNA in the 50 to 500 µµg. range is presented. Cells or cell nuclei are isolated individually from fixed tissue by means of micromanipulation. The tissue units in question are extracted in an oil chamber with deoxyribonuclease solution. The extracts are evaporated to dryness and redissolved to lens-shaped drops, the DNA contents of which are determined by a photographic-photometric procedure in ultraviolet light. Determinations on calf thymocytes and rat spermatids show a relatively good agreement with biochemical data. The present method tends, however, to give some. what higher values than those reported earlier. The coefficient of variation for analytical values from test material is about ± 10 per cent. The method has been applied to cells from the axolotl, adults as well as tadpoles. Germ cells (spermatids and spermatocytes) do not show any evidence of a biological variation in DNA content. Cells from proliferating tissues give an increased spread of the DNA values. It could be shown, for epithelial cells, that there are at least two factors determining the DNA content of these cells. One is the fact that the cells are investigated at different phases of the mitotic cycle; the other is the fact that the DNA synthesis cycle occupies different ranges for different cells.

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