Chromosome Alteration and Tumour Inhibition by Nitrogen Mustards: the Hypothesis of Cross-linking Alkylation

Nature ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 166 (4235) ◽  
pp. 1112-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BIESELE ◽  
F. S. PHILIPS ◽  
J. B. THIERSCH ◽  
J. H. BURCHENAL ◽  
SONJA M. BUCKLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Chromosome Alteration

Nitrogen Mustards as Alkylating Agents: A Review on Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Current USFDA Status of Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghansham S. More ◽  
Asha B. Thomas ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange ◽  
Rabindra K. Nanda ◽  
Rahul L. Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background & Objective: :Nitrogen mustard derivatives form one of the major classes of anti-cancer agents in USFDA approved drugs list. These are polyfunctional alkylating agents which are distinguished by a unique mechanism of adduct formation with DNA involving cross-linking between guanine N-7 of one strand of DNA with the other. The generated cross-linking is irreversible and leads to cell apoptosis. Hence it is of great interest to explore this class of anticancer alkylating agents.Methods::An exhaustive list of reviews, research articles, patents, books, patient information leaflets, and orange book is presented and the contents related to nitrogen mustard anti-cancer agents have been reviewed. Attempts are made to present synthesis schemes in a simplified manner. The mechanism of action of the drugs and their side effects are also systematically elaborated.Results::This review provides a platform for understanding all aspects of such drugs right from synthesis to their mechanism of action and side effects, and lists USFDA approved ANDA players among alkylating anticancer agents in the current market.Conclusion: :Perusing this article, generic scientists will be able to access literature information in this domain easily to gain insight into the nitrogen mustard alkylating agents for further ANDA development. It will help the scientific and research community to continue their pursuit for the design of newer and novel heterocyclic alkylating agents of this class in the coming future.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of DNA−Protein Cross-Linking by Antitumor Nitrogen Mustards

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Loeber ◽  
Erin D. Michaelson-Richie ◽  
Simona G. Codreanu ◽  
Daniel C. Liebler ◽  
Colin R. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Protein Cross Linking

Mode of Production of Chromosome Abnormalities by the Nitrogen Mustards The Possible Role of Cross-Linking

Nature ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 163 (4148) ◽  
pp. 667-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. GOLDACRE ◽  
A. LOVELESS ◽  
W. C. J. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Mode Of Production

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of DNA−Protein Cross-Linking by Antitumor Nitrogen Mustards

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427-1427
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Loeber ◽  
Erin D. Michaelson-Richie ◽  
Simona G. Codreanu ◽  
Daniel C. Liebler ◽  
Colin R. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Protein Cross Linking

scholarly journals Cross-Linking of the DNA Repair ProteinO6-Alkylguanine DNA Alkyltransferase to DNA in the Presence of Antitumor Nitrogen Mustards

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Loeber ◽  
Erin Michaelson ◽  
Qingming Fang ◽  
Colin Campbell ◽  
Anthony E. Pegg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Dna Alkyltransferase

Influence of Calcium Ions on the Plant Cell Surface: Membrane Fusions and Conformational Changes

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
D. James Morré ◽  
Charles E. Bracker ◽  
William J. VanDerWoude
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Wall Extensibility

Calcium ions in the concentration range 5-100 mM inhibit auxin-induced cell elongation and wall extensibility of plant stems. Inhibition of wall extensibility requires that the tissue be living; growth inhibition cannot be explained on the basis of cross-linking of carboxyl groups of cell wall uronides by calcium ions. In this study, ultrastructural evidence was sought for an interaction of calcium ions with some component other than the wall at the cell surface of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) hypocotyls.

Embedding Procedure for Water Swollen Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
Ann M. Thomas ◽  
Virginia Shemeley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Exchange Resins

Those samples which swell rapidly when exposed to water are, at best, difficult to section for transmission electron microscopy. Some materials literally burst out of the embedding block with the first pass by the knife, and even the most rapid cutting cycle produces sections of limited value. Many ion exchange resins swell in water; some undergo irreversible structural changes when dried. We developed our embedding procedure to handle this type of sample, but it should be applicable to many materials that present similar sectioning difficulties.The purpose of our embedding procedure is to build up a cross-linking network throughout the sample, while it is in a water swollen state. Our procedure was suggested to us by the work of Rosenberg, where he mentioned the formation of a tridimensional structure by the polymerization of the GMA biproduct, triglycol dimethacrylate.

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John H. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J.M. Fadool
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

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