Mode of Production of Chromosome Abnormalities by the Nitrogen Mustards The Possible Role of Cross-Linking

Nature ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 163 (4148) ◽  
pp. 667-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. GOLDACRE ◽  
A. LOVELESS ◽  
W. C. J. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Abnormalities ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Mode Of Production

Platelet Accumulation on Fibrin-coated Polyethylene: Role of Platelet Activation and Factor XIII

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 850-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
F D Rubens ◽  
D W Perry ◽  
M W C Hatton ◽  
P D Bishop ◽  
M A Packham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Static System ◽  
Graft Occlusion ◽  
Platelet Binding ◽  
Coated Surface ◽  
Platelet Accumulation ◽  
Polyethylene Tubing

SummaryPlatelet accumulation on small- and medium-calibre vascular grafts plays a significant role in graft occlusion. We examined platelet accumulation on the surface of fibrin-coated polyethylene tubing (internal diameter 0.17 cm) during 10 min of flow (l0ml/min) at high wall shear rate (764 s-1). Washed platelets labelled with 51Cr were resuspended in Tyrode solution containing albumin, apyrase and red blood cells (hematocrit 40%). When the thrombin that was used to form the fibrin-coated surface was inactivated with FPRCH2C1 before perfusion of the tubes with the platelet:red blood cell suspension, the accumulation of platelets was 59,840 ± 27,960 platelets per mm2, whereas accumulation on fibrin with residual active thrombin was 316,750 ± 32,560 platelets per mm2 (n = 4). When the fibrin on the surface was cross-linked by including recombinant factor XIII (rFXIII) in the fibrinogen solution used to prepare the fibrin-coated surface, platelet accumulation, after thrombin neutralization, was reduced by the cross-linking from 46,974 ± 9702 to 36,818 ± 7964 platelets per mm2 (n = 12, p <0.01). Platelet accumulation on tubes coated with D-dimer was ten times less than on tubes coated with D-domain; this finding also supports the observation that cross-linking of fibrin with the formation of γ-γ dimers reduces platelet accumulation on the fibrin-coated surface. Thrombin-activated platelets themselves were shown to cross-link fibrin when they had adhered to it during perfusion, or in a static system in which thrombin was used to form clots from FXIII-free fibrinogen in the presence of platelets. Thus, cross-linking of fibrin by FXIII in plasma or from platelets probably decreases the reactivity of the fibrin-containing thrombi to platelets by altering the lysine residue at or near the platelet-binding site of each of the γ-chains of the fibrinogen which was converted into the fibrin of these thrombi.

Tridegin, a Novel Peptidic Inhibitor of Factor XIIIa from the Leech, Haementeria ghilianii, Enhances Fibrinolysis In Vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 0959-0963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Seale ◽  
Sarah Finney ◽  
Roy T Sawyer ◽  
Robert B Wallis
Keyword(s):  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Factor Xiiia ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Small Polypeptide ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Protein Cross Linking

SummaryTridegin is a potent inhibitor of factor Xllla from the leech, Haementeria ghilianii, which inhibits protein cross-linking. It modifies plasmin-mediated fibrin degradation as shown by the absence of D-dimer and approximately halves the time for fibrinolysis. Plasma clots formed in the presence of Tridegin lyse more rapidly when either streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator or hementin is added 2 h after clot formation. The effect of Tridegin is markedly increased if clots are formed from platelet-rich plasma. Platelet-rich plasma clots are lysed much more slowly by the fibrinolytic enzymes used and if Tridegin is present, the rate of lysis returns almost to that of platelet- free clots. These studies indicate the important role of platelets in conferring resistance to commonly used fibrinolytic enzymes and suggest that protein cross-linking is an important step in this effect. Moreover they indicate that Tridegin, a small polypeptide, may have potential as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy.

Nitrogen Mustards as Alkylating Agents: A Review on Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Current USFDA Status of Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghansham S. More ◽  
Asha B. Thomas ◽  
Sohan S. Chitlange ◽  
Rabindra K. Nanda ◽  
Rahul L. Gajbhiye
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Nitrogen Mustard ◽  
Alkylating Agents ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Nitrogen Mustards ◽  
Information Leaflets ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Approved Drugs

Background & Objective: :Nitrogen mustard derivatives form one of the major classes of anti-cancer agents in USFDA approved drugs list. These are polyfunctional alkylating agents which are distinguished by a unique mechanism of adduct formation with DNA involving cross-linking between guanine N-7 of one strand of DNA with the other. The generated cross-linking is irreversible and leads to cell apoptosis. Hence it is of great interest to explore this class of anticancer alkylating agents.Methods::An exhaustive list of reviews, research articles, patents, books, patient information leaflets, and orange book is presented and the contents related to nitrogen mustard anti-cancer agents have been reviewed. Attempts are made to present synthesis schemes in a simplified manner. The mechanism of action of the drugs and their side effects are also systematically elaborated.Results::This review provides a platform for understanding all aspects of such drugs right from synthesis to their mechanism of action and side effects, and lists USFDA approved ANDA players among alkylating anticancer agents in the current market.Conclusion: :Perusing this article, generic scientists will be able to access literature information in this domain easily to gain insight into the nitrogen mustard alkylating agents for further ANDA development. It will help the scientific and research community to continue their pursuit for the design of newer and novel heterocyclic alkylating agents of this class in the coming future.

Coinage and the Tributary Mode of Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Manzano Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Role ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Simple Question ◽  
Mode Of Production

This chapter addresses a very simple question: is it possible to frame coinage in the Early Middle Ages? The answer will be certainly yes, but will also acknowledge that we lack considerable amounts of relevant data potentially available through state-of-the-art methodologies. One problem is, though, that many times we do not really know the relevant questions we can pose on coins; another is that we still have not figured out the social role of coinage in the aftermath of the Roman Empire. This chapter shows a number of things that could only be known thanks to the analysis of coins. And as its title suggests it will also include some reflections on greed and generosity.

scholarly journals Characterization of swelling behavior of carbon nano-filler modified polydimethylsiloxane composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110061
Author(s):  
Bo Yang ◽  
Balakrishnan Nagarajan ◽  
Pierre Mertiny
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Carbon Based

Polymers may absorb fluids from their surroundings via the natural phenomenon of swelling. Dimensional changes due to swelling can affect the function of polymer components, such as in the case of seals, microfluidic components and electromechanical sensors. An understanding of the swelling behavior of polymers and means for controlling it can improve the design of polymer components, for example, for the previously mentioned applications. Carbon-based fillers have risen in popularity to be used for the property enhancement of resulting polymer composites. The present investigation focuses on the effects of three carbon-based nano-fillers (graphene nano-platelets, carbon black, and graphene nano-scrolls) on the dimensional changes of polydimethylsiloxane composites due to swelling when immersed in certain organic solvents. For this study, a facile and expedient methodology comprised of optical measurements in conjunction with digital image analysis was developed as the primary experimental technique to quantify swelling dimensional changes of the prepared composites. Other experimental techniques assessed polymer cross-linking densities and elastic mechanical properties of the various materials. The study revealed that the addition of certain carbon-based nano-fillers increased the overall swelling of the composites. The extent of swelling further depended on the organic solvent in which the composites were immersed in. Experimental findings are contrasted with published models for swelling prediction, and the role of filler morphology on swelling behavior is discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Disulfide Cross-Linking of Mutant SOD1 in the Formation of Inclusion-Body-Like Structures

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e47838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L. T. Roberts ◽  
Kinaree Patel ◽  
Hilda H. Brown ◽  
David R. Borchelt
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mutant Sod1

Role of chromosome abnormalities in ectopic pregnancy

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joël Coste ◽  
Hervé Fernandez ◽  
Nicole Joyé ◽  
Jean-Louis Benifla ◽  
Sylvie Girard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Chromosome Abnormalities

scholarly journals Probing a Role of Subunit IV of theEscherichia coli bo-type Ubiquinol Oxidase by Deletion and Cross-linking Analyses

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (26) ◽  
pp. 15336-15340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keitarou Saiki ◽  
Hiro Nakamura ◽  
Tatsushi Mogi ◽  
Yasuhiro Anraku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ubiquinol Oxidase

The role of cross-linking in the scratch resistance of organic coatings: An investigation using Atomic Force Microscopy

Wear ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 418-419 ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Gonzalez-Martinez ◽  
Erum Kakar ◽  
Stefan Erkselius ◽  
Nicola Rehnberg ◽  
Javier Sotres
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Organic Coatings ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force
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