Limited and Unlimited Swelling of High Molecular Substances

Nature ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 142 (3585) ◽  
pp. 116-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BRODA
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Substances

The diffusion and solubility of solid, low molecular substances in copolymers

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2211-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Grishin ◽  
I.A. Tutorskii ◽  
I.S. Yurovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Substances

scholarly journals A rapid method for determining diffusion constants in solution

1948 ◽  
Vol 192 (1030) ◽  
pp. 382-402 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Initial Boundary ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Dilute Solution ◽  
Sharp Boundary ◽  
Diffusion Constants ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Molecular Substances

A method has been rediscovered, and developed in theory and practice, for optical observation of the earliest stages of diffusion across an initially sharp boundary between a dilute solution and a solvent. It enables the diffusion constant of a monodisperse solute to be measured about fifty times as quickly as by other methods, at lower concentration and possibly with greater accuracy; it should therefore be particularly valuable for the study of high molecular substances. The method is based on the interference pattern which is formed when monochromatic light from a horizontal slit is focused after passing through a cell where diffusion is occurring. The pattern, a set of horizontal bands, contracts towards the optic axis as diffusion proceeds, at a rate from which the diffusion constant can be calculated. By counting the bands in the pattern the refractive increment of the solute can be determined. The sharp initial boundary is obtained by flowing the solution and solvent out through a common narrow horizontal slit. The construction, calibration, and use of the apparatus are described.

Synthesis of Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 photocatalyst and high degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Wang ◽  
Mengran Zhang ◽  
Binxia Zhao ◽  
Linxue Liu ◽  
Ruixuan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Active Species ◽  
High Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Rapid Separation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Photogenerated Electrons ◽  
Molecular Substances ◽  
Photocatalytic Material

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve the degradation efficiency of Rhodamine B (RhB) by new photocatalytic materials. Design/methodology/approach Binary Z-scheme g-C3N4/Bi2WO6 photocatalytic material was synthesized by the one-step hydrothermal reaction. The construction of Z-scheme heterojunction led to the rapid separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which would degrade RhB into small molecular substances to achieve the purpose of degradation. Findings It was found that Bi2WO6/25%g-C3N4 displayed the highest photocatalytic activity, which was about 1.44 and 1.34 times higher than that of pure Bi2WO6 and g-C3N4, respectively. According to the trapping experiments, the superoxide radical (·O2−) was the major active species of the RhB decomposition in Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 catalysts. Originality/value The successful synthesis of Z-scheme Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 provides new ideas and references for the design of catalysts with high photocatalytic activity, which should have wide applications in the future.

Comparison of changes in albumin binding capacity during hemodiafiltration or hemodialysis with middle cut off membranes

2020 ◽  
pp. 039139882096178
Author(s):  
Sebastian Koball ◽  
Christina Westphal ◽  
Silvius Frimmel ◽  
Michael Hinz ◽  
Sebastian Klammt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Albumin Binding ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
High Flux ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Molecular Substances

Background: Albumin is important for the transport of protein-bound substances (PBS). Albumin binding capacity (ABiC) is reduced in dialysis patients. This can contribute to worsening of uremic symptoms. It is presumed that open-porous middle cut off filters that is, HDx (Baxter-Theranova) remove high molecular substances more efficiently than conventional treatment. To evaluate HDx for the improvement of ABiC and removal of PBS, HDx was compared to hemodiafiltration (Fresenius-FX80, HDF). Methods: We included 32 chronic patients on HDF. After inclusion patients were treated with HDx for 14 days. Blood samples were drawn before/after treatments at study entry, first HDx and sixth HDx, to determine ABiC and other study parameters. Results: ABiC improved in HDx (68.4% vs 72.4%) and HDF (69.9% vs 72.4%) without differences between both therapies. No reduction of albumin concentration during HDx treatment was observed. Conclusion: HDx is accepted as a safe and equally efficient therapy for removing albumin bound uremic toxins compared to HDF with high flux dialyzers.

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