Essentials of Volumetric Analysis: an Introduction to the Subject, adapted to the Needs of Students of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

The manual is intended for students of "Pharmacy", "Pharmaceutical Chemistry" specialties of YSU Institute of Pharmacy. It corresponds to the curriculum of the subject of armtechnology (factory) and is intended for the organization of laboratory work. The educational manual presents the general characteristics of galenic and new galenic medicines, modern methods of industrial production, at the end of each topic are test tasks and situational problems. It will contribute to the strengthening of students' theoretical knowledge and experimental skills on the topic of galenic and new galenic medicines.

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Measuring Differential Volume Using the Subtraction Tool for Three-Dimensional Breast Volumetry: A Proof of Concept Study

Surgical Innovation ◽

10.1177/1553350620945563 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 155335062094556

Author(s):

Faith Hyun Kyung Jeon ◽

Michelle Griffin ◽

Aurora Almadori ◽

Jajini Varghese ◽

Stephanie Bogan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Computer Software ◽

Patient Positioning ◽

Volumetric Analysis ◽

Volumetric Assessment ◽

Alternative Approach ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Actual Volume ◽

Novel Method ◽

The Subject

Background. Three-dimensional (3D) photography provides a promising means of breast volumetry. Sources of error using a single-captured surface to calculate breast volume include inaccurate designation of breast boundaries and prediction of the invisible chest wall generated by computer software. An alternative approach is to measure differential volume using subtraction of 2 captured surfaces. Objectives. To explore 3D breast volumetry using the subtraction of superimposed images to calculate differential volume. To assess optimal patient positioning for accurate volumetric assessment. Methods. Known volumes of breast enhancers simulated volumetric changes to the breast (n = 12). 3D photographs were taken (3dMDtorso) with the subject positioned upright at 90° and posteriorly inclined at 30°. Patient position, breathing, distance and camera calibration were standardised. Volumetric analysis was performed using 3dMDvultus software. Results. A statistically significant difference was found between actual volume and measured volumes with subjects positioned at 90° ( P < .05). No statistical difference was found at 30° ( P = .078), but subsequent Bland–Altman analysis showed evidence of proportional bias ( P < .05). There was good correlation between measured and actual volumes in both positions (r = .77 and r = .85, respectively). Univariate analyses showed breast enhancer volumes of 195 mL and 295 mL to incur bias. The coefficient of variation was 5.76% for single observer analysis. Conclusion. Positioning the subject at a 30° posterior incline provides more accurate results from better exposure of the inferior breast. The subtraction tool is a novel method of measuring differential volume. Future studies should explore methodology for application into the clinical setting.

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The Experimental Teaching Reform and Exploration of Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Biopharmaceutical Major

Advances in Higher Education ◽

10.18686/ahe.v3i4.1534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 150

Author(s):

Wandong Xia

Keyword(s):

Effective Teaching ◽

Teaching Methods ◽

Teaching Quality ◽

Current Situation ◽

Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽

Subject Knowledge ◽

Teaching Reform ◽

Experimental Teaching ◽

The Subject ◽

Chemistry Experiment

<p>Pharmaceutical chemistry is an important course in biopharmaceutical major. The subject knowledge permeates many subjects and has a strong theoretical and guiding function. However, there are still a lot of problems in the pharmaceutical chemistry experiment course and the development is not perfect, which needs to be timely reformed and innovated. This paper mainly discusses the reform of experimental teaching of pharmaceutical chemistry in biopharmaceutical major, analyzes the current situation of experimental teaching of pharmaceutical chemistry, finds out the problems and gives solutions, and proposes the corresponding reform measures. This paper explores active and effective teaching methods from the aspects of teaching modes, the laboratory, experimental materials and teaching methods, so as to improve the experimental teaching of pharmaceutical chemistry of biopharmaceutical major, improve the teaching quality and promote the cultivation of students' comprehensive ability.</p>

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Mycochemicals in wild and cultivated mushrooms: nutrition and health

Phytochemistry Reviews ◽

10.1007/s11101-021-09748-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Cateni ◽

Maria Letizia Gargano ◽

Giuseppe Procida ◽

Giuseppe Venturella ◽

Fortunato Cirlincione ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Food ◽

Animal Health ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽

Nutrition And Health ◽

Medicinal Mushrooms ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Cultivated Species ◽

The Subject ◽

Cultivated Mushrooms

AbstractThe mushrooms have contributed to the development of active ingredients of fundamental importance in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry as well as of important tools in human and animal health, nutrition, and functional food. This review considers studies on the beneficial effects of medicinal mushrooms on the nutrition and health of humans and farm animals. An overview of the chemical structure and composition of mycochemicals is presented in this review with particular reference to phenolic compounds, triterpenoids and sterols, fatty acids and lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, and lectins. The nutritional value and chemical composition of wild and cultivated mushrooms in Italy is also the subject of this review which also deals with mushrooms as nutraceuticals and the use of mushrooms in functional foods. The nutraceutical benefits of UV irradiation of cultivated species of basidiomycetes to generate high amounts of vitamin D2 is also highlighted and the ability of the muhsrooms to inhibit glycation is analyzed. Finally, attention is paid to studies on bioactivities of some Italian wild and cultivated mushrooms with particular reference to species belonging to the genus Pleurotus. The review highlights the potential of medicinal mushrooms in the production of mycochemicals that represent a source of drugs, nutraceutical, and functional food. Graphic abstract

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Multiple Representation-Based Learning through Cognitive Dissonance Strategy to Reduce Student’s Misconceptions in Volumetric Analysis

TEM Journal ◽

10.18421/tem103-33 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1263-1273

Author(s):

Hayuni Retno Widarti ◽

Anna Permanasari ◽

Sri Mulyani ◽

Deni Ainur Rokhim ◽

Habiddin Habiddin

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Dissonance ◽

Mixed Method ◽

Volumetric Analysis ◽

Mixed Method Research ◽

Multiple Representation ◽

Chemistry Students ◽

Symbolic Representations ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Effective Reduction ◽

The Subject

This study aimed to determine the contribution of multiple representation-based learning through cognitive dissonance strategy and to reduce misconceptions encountered by chemistry students. A mixed method research with the embedded experimental design was employed in this study involving 66 sophomore students enrolled in the Basics of Analytical Chemistry class. This study used a threetier test diagnostic test of 43 questions that had been validated by the education teams and chemists. The analysis was done by using a t-test and N-gain. The results showed a significant difference between the experimental and the control classes and a greater increase in N-gain in the experimental class (68.56%) compared to the control class (42.42%). The most effective reduction of misconceptions occurred in the subject of argentometric titration, from 33.41 to 8.79 %. This indicates that MRCD cannot completely eliminate misconceptions, especially for concepts related to sub-microscopic and symbolic representations.

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High-component reactions (HCRs): An overview of MCRs containing seven or more components as versatile tools in organic synthesis

Current Organic Synthesis ◽

10.2174/1570179418666210910111208 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Kobra Nikoofar ◽

Fatemeh Molaei Yielzoleh

Keyword(s):

Organic Synthesis ◽

Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽

The Subject

: Recently, multi-component reactions (MCRs) have gained special attention due to their versatility for the synthesis of polycyclic heterocycles. Moreover, their applicability can become more widespread as they can be combined together as a union of MCRs. In this overview, the authors have tried to collect the MCRs containing more than seven components that can lead to effectual heterocycles in organic and/or pharmaceutical chemistry. The review contains papers published up to the end of 2020. The subject is classified based on the number of substrates, such as seven-, eight-, nine-, ten-, and more components. The authors expect their report to be helpful for researchers to clarify their route to significant MCRs.

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Words

PMLA ◽

10.1017/s003081290013041x ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1320-1327

Author(s):

Colbert Searles

Keyword(s):

Subject Matter ◽

Assistant Professor ◽

The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

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Artificial satellite orbit computations

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900105662 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 363-371

Author(s):

P. Sconzo

Keyword(s):

Artificial Satellite ◽

Satellite Orbit ◽

Artificial Satellites ◽

Orbital Elements ◽

Differential Correction ◽

Gravitational Effects ◽

Short Intervals ◽

The Subject ◽

Introductory Discussion ◽

Orbit Computation

In this paper an orbit computation program for artificial satellites is presented. This program is operational and it has already been used to compute the orbits of several satellites.After an introductory discussion on the subject of artificial satellite orbit computations, the features of this program are thoroughly explained. In order to achieve the representation of the orbital elements over short intervals of time a drag-free perturbation theory coupled with a differential correction procedure is used, while the long range behavior is obtained empirically. The empirical treatment of the non-gravitational effects upon the satellite motion seems to be very satisfactory. Numerical analysis procedures supporting this treatment and experience gained in using our program are also objects of discussion.

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