scholarly journals The longitudinal relations between dimensions of community violence exposure and developmental outcomes among adolescent ethnic minority males.

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Elsaesser
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Minority Males

The Longitudinal Relation Between Community Violence Exposure and Academic Engagement During Adolescence: Exploring Families’ Protective Role

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 3264-3285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Elsaesser ◽  
Deborah Gorman-Smith ◽  
David Henry ◽  
Michael Schoeny
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
Minority Males ◽  
Reduce Risk

Few published studies have examined the interaction between community violence exposure, academic engagement, and parental involvement, despite theory suggesting that these three domains of development are interrelated during adolescence. This study had two related objectives: (a) to assess the temporal ordering of the relation between community violence exposure and academic engagement over the course of mid-adolescence and (b) to examine whether the pattern of these relations varies by level of parental involvement. The study sample included 273 ethnic minority males (33.4% Latino and 65.6% African American) and their caregivers living in impoverished urban neighborhoods. The present study drew on data collected through in-home surveys on violence exposure, school experiences, and family functioning at three time points during mid-adolescence. Cross-lagged model results suggest that at Time 1 ( M age = 13.5), community violence exposure predicted lower academic engagement at Time 2 ( M age = 14.8). Between Time 2 and Time 3 ( M age = 15.8), it was academic engagement that predicted lower community violence. Parental involvement moderated these relations such that academic engagement at Time 2 only reduced the risk of violence exposure at Time 3 in the presence of families with high levels of involvement relative to others in the sample. Findings suggest that practitioners might seek to promote positive school experiences as youth move into high school to reduce risk of violence exposure. Results also indicate the importance of designing interventions that target both positive family and school functioning.

scholarly journals Community Violence Exposure and School Functioning in Youth: Cross-Country and Gender Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Koposov ◽  
Johan Isaksson ◽  
Robert Vermeiren ◽  
Mary Schwab-Stone ◽  
Andrew Stickley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Violence ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
School Functioning ◽  
Community Violence Exposure ◽  
New Haven ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Violent Events

Background: Many children and adolescents experience violent events which can be associated with negative consequences for their development, mental health, school, and social functioning. However, findings between settings and on the role of gender have been inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate cross-country and gender differences in the relationship between community violence exposure (CVE) and school functioning in a sample of youths from three countries.Methods: A self-report survey was conducted among school students (12–17 years old) in Belgium (Antwerp, N = 4,743), Russia (Arkhangelsk, N = 2,823), and the US (New Haven, N = 4,101). Students were recruited from within classes that were randomly selected from within schools that had themselves been randomly selected (excepting New Haven, where all students were included). CVE was assessed with the Screening Survey of Exposure to Community Violence. School functioning was assessed with four measures: the Perceived Teacher Support scale, Negative Classroom Environment scale, and Academic Motivation and Perception of Safety at School scales. Multivariate Analyses of Covariance were performed to assess differences in the levels of school-related problem behaviors in boys and girls, who reported different degrees of CVE.Results: Participants in all three countries reported a relatively high prevalence of violence exposure (36.2% in Belgium, 39.3% in Russia and 45.2% in the US who witnessed violence), with a higher proportion of girls than boys witnessing violent events (varied from 37.4 to 51.6% between the countries), whereas boys reported more episodes of victimization by violence than girls (varied from 32.3 to 49.9% between the countries). Youths who experienced increased CVE (from no exposure to witnessing to victimization) reported an increase in all school functioning problems in all of the countries and this association was not gender-specific.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that regardless of differences in the level of CVE by country and gender, violence exposure is negatively associated with school functioning across countries. Nonetheless, even though reactions to community violence among adolescents may be expressed in a similar fashion, cross-country differences in social support systems should also be taken into account in order to provide culturally sensitive treatment modalities.

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