Review of Healing after parent loss in childhood and adolescence: Therapeutic interventions and theoretical considerations.

This paper addresses the role of family-based studies of preventive and therapeutic interventions in our understanding of normal development and psychopathology. The emphasis is on interventions designed to improve parent–child and/or marital relationships as a way of facilitating development and reducing psychopathology in children and adolescents. Intervention designs provide the gold standard for testing causal hypotheses. We begin by discussing the complexity of validating these hypotheses and the implications of the shift from a traditional emphasis on theories of etiology to developmental psychopathology's newer paradigm describing risks → pathways → outcomes. We summarize correlational studies that document the fact that difficult and ineffective parent–child and marital relationships function as risk factors for children's cognitive, social, and emotional problems in childhood and adolescence. We then review prevention studies and therapy evaluation studies that establish some specific parenting and marital variables as causal risk factors with respect to these outcomes. Our discussion focuses on what intervention studies have revealed so far and suggests an agenda for further research.

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Anxiety Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: Basic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Interventions

Handbook of Medical Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/9780203912485-17 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 198-219

Keyword(s):

Anxiety Disorders ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Childhood And Adolescence

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A Critical Review of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy and Forced Use in Children With Hemiplegia

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/np.2005.245 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 12 (2-3) ◽

pp. 245-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Jeanne Charles ◽

Andrew M. Gordon

Keyword(s):

Upper Extremity ◽

Hand Function ◽

Movement Therapy ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Cerebral Vascular Accident ◽

Motor Impairments ◽

Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽

Ci Therapy ◽

Ischemic Attack ◽

Theoretical Considerations

Hemiplegia is a physical impairment that can occur in childhood following head trauma, cerebral vascular accident or transient ischemic attack (stroke), brain tumor, or congenital or perinatal injury. One of the most disabling symptoms of hemiplegia is unilaterally impaired hand and arm function. Sensory and motor impairments in children with hemiplegia compromise movement efficiency. Such children often tend not to use the affected extremity, which may further exacerbate the impairments, resulting in a developmentally learned non-use of the involved upper extremity, termed ‘developmental disuse’. Recent studies suggest that children with hemiplegia benefit from intensive practice. Forced use and Constraint-lnduced Movement Therapy (CI therapy) are recent therapeutic interventions involving the restraint of the non-involved upper extremity and intensive practice with the involved upper extremity. These approaches were designed for adults with hemiplegia, and increasing evidence suggests that they are efficacious in this population. Recently, forced use and constraint-induced therapy have been applied to children with hemiplegia. In this review, we provide a brief description of forced use and CI therapy and their historical basis, provide a summary of studies of these interventions in children, and discuss a number of important theoretical considerations, as well as implications for postural control. We will show that whereas the studies to date suggest that both forced use and CI therapy appear to be promising for improving hand function in children with hemiplegia, the data are limited. Substantially more work must be performed before this approach can be advocated for general clinical use.

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Translational research approaches to study pediatric polycystic kidney disease

Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s40348-021-00131-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Max Christoph Liebau ◽

Djalila Mekahli

Keyword(s):

Disease Progression ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Polycystic Kidney ◽

Early Therapy ◽

Kidney Involvement ◽

Patients At Risk

AbstractPolycystic kidney diseases (PKD) are severe forms of genetic kidney disorders. The two main types of PKD are autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant PKD (ARPKD, ADPKD). While ARPKD typically is a disorder of early childhood, patients with ADPKD often remain pauci-symptomatic until adulthood even though formation of cysts in the kidney already begins in children. There is clinical and genetic overlap between both entities with very variable clinical courses. Subgroups of very early onset ADPKD may for example clinically resemble ARPKD. The basis of the clinical variability in both forms of PKD is not well understood and there are also limited prediction markers for disease progression for daily clinical life or surrogate endpoints for clinical trials in ARPKD or early ADPKD.As targeted therapeutic approaches to slow disease progression in PKD are emerging, it is becoming more important to reliably identify patients at risk for rapid progression as they might benefit from early therapy. Over the past years regional, national and international data collections to jointly analyze the clinical courses of PKD patients have been set up. The clinical observations are complemented by genetic studies and biorepositories as well as basic science approaches to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms in the PKD field. These approaches may serve as a basis for the development of novel therapeutic interventions in specific subgroups of patients. In this article we summarize some of the recent developments in the field with a focus on kidney involvement in PKD during childhood and adolescence and findings obtained in pediatric cohorts.

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A longitudinal approach to the contribution of trauma and external shame on depressive symptoms in adolescence

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.188 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S129-S130

Author(s):

M. Cunha ◽

R. Almeida ◽

S. Cherpe ◽

S. Simões ◽

M. Marques

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽

External Shame ◽

Longitudinal Approach ◽

Child Depression Inventory ◽

Competing Interest ◽

And Gender

IntroductionTrauma experiences during childhood and adolescence (Gibb, 2002; Ansel et al., 2011; Musliner et Singer, 2014; Hopwood et al., 2015), the experience of shame (Rubeis et al., 2008; Cunha et al., 2012; Rosso et al., 2014; Stuewig et al., 2015) and gender (English et al., 2004; Rosso et al., 2014) had been considered as predictors of depressive symptoms.ObjectivesTo observe intra-indidual variability of trauma, external shame, gender (as predictors) and depressive symptoms (as dependent variable).AimsTo test the predictive value of trauma, external shame and gender on depressive symptoms at 6 months, in adolescents.MethodA sample of 325 adolescents (ages ranging from 12–18) completed the Child Depression Inventory, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Other as Shamer, adolescents version. The results were analysed by the hierarchical multiple regression method (SPSS Inc., 22).ResultsThe model – shame (b = 0.63; P < 0.001); affective abuse (b = 0.15, P = 0.001), gender (b = 0.12; P = 0.001), sexual abuse (b = 0.12, P = 0.002), and emotional neglect (b = 0.10; P = 0.013) – explained 63% of depressive symptoms variance.ConclusionsThe data indicate that the higher the level of shame and trauma, the higher the level of depressive symptoms at 6 months. The present study can add important information that sheds light to the role of mechanisms underlying the vulnerability to depressive symptoms and that might have impact in the existing therapeutic interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Sexual Cognitions in Victims of Childhood and Adolescence/Adulthood Sexual Abuse

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2015.40 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nieves Moyano ◽

Juan Carlos Sierra

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Sexual Contact ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Male Victims ◽

Men And Women ◽

Female Victims ◽

Traditional Gender Roles ◽

Sexual Cognitions ◽

Sexual Abuse Victims

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between 1) child sexual abuse (CSA), adolescent/adult sexual abuse (AASA), and both (CSA+AASA), and 2) the frequency of positive and negative sexual cognitions according to their content –intimate, exploratory, dominance, submission, and impersonal– in men and women. We also analyzed the severity of the sexual contact of individuals who had experienced AASA. We assessed a Spanish sample of 228 men and 333 women, aged between 18 and 50 years old. In the sample, 341 individuals reported having experienced some type of sexual victimization (victims group), while 220 individuals reported no victimization (non-victims group). Overall, sexual victims reported a higher frequency of positive sexual cognitions compared to non-victims, particularly when they had experienced CSA+AASA and the severity of the sexual contact was greater. Men and women who had experienced abuse reported a higher frequency of exploratory cognitions (p < .01). Male victims reported more cognitions of submission (p < .01), whereas female victims reported more cognitions of dominance (p < .05), which indicates lack of congruence with traditional gender roles. Finally, only intimate cognitions (p < .001) were experienced as negative by male victims. We discuss the relevance of the findings for therapeutic interventions with sexual abuse victims.

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