Prediction of posttraumatic stress and depression one-month post-injury: A comparison of two screening instruments.

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 702-705
Author(s):  
Naomi Ennis ◽  
Margaret Anton ◽  
Olivia Bravoco ◽  
Leigh Ridings ◽  
Josh Hunt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Screening Instruments ◽  
Post Injury

scholarly journals PTSD-8: A Short PTSD Inventory

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maj Hansen ◽  
Tonny Elmose Andersen ◽  
Cherie Armour ◽  
Ask Elklit ◽  
Sabina Palic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Screening Instruments ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Brief Screening

Traumatic events pose great challenges on mental health services in scarcity of specialist trauma clinicians and services. Simple short screening instruments for detecting adverse psychological responses are needed. Several brief screening instruments have been developed. However, some are limited, especially in relation to reflecting the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Recently, several studies have challenged pre-existing ideas about PTSD’s latent structure. Factor analytic research currently supports two four factor models. One particular model contains a dysphoria factor which has been associated with depression and anxiety. The symptoms in this factor have been hailed as less specific to PTSD. The scope of this article is therefore to present a short screening instrument, based on this research; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – 8 items. The PTSD-8 is shown to have good psychometric properties in three independent samples of whiplash patients (n=1710), rape victims (n=305), and disaster victims (n=516). Good test-rest reliability is also shown in a pilot study of young adults from families with alcohol problems (n=56).

scholarly journals The Impact of Neurocognitive Functioning on the Course of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms following Civilian Traumatic Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5109
Author(s):  
Dominique L. G. Van Praag ◽  
Filip Van Den Eede ◽  
Kristien Wouters ◽  
Lindsay Wilson ◽  
Andrew I. R. Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Neurocognitive Functioning ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
The Impact

Background: One out of seven individuals who have suffered a traumatic brain injury (TBI) develops a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is often associated with neurocognitive impairment. The present study explores the impact of neurocognitive functioning after mild, moderate, and severe TBI on the course of PTSD symptoms. Methods: The data of 671 adults admitted to hospital for a TBI was drawn from the Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research (CENTER-TBI) study. After six- and 12-months post-injury, participants completed the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5), from which change scores were calculated. At six months, participants also completed a neurocognitive assessment including the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, the Trail Making Test, and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Linear regressions were performed to identify associations between cognitive functioning and PCL-5 change scores. Results: Overall, mean PCL-5 change scores showed no clear change (−0.20 ± 9.88), but 87 improved and 80 deteriorated by a change score of 10 or more. CANTAB Rapid Visual Information Processing scores were significantly associated with PCL-5 change scores. Conclusions: Strong sustained attention was associated with improvement in PTSD symptoms. Assessing cognitive performance may help identify individuals at risk of developing (persisting) PTSD post-TBI and offer opportunities for informing treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Acute White Matter Integrity Post-trauma and Prospective Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa N. Weis ◽  
Ashley A. Huggins ◽  
Tara A. Miskovich ◽  
Jacklynn M. Fitzgerald ◽  
Kenneth P. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Self Report ◽  
White Matter Integrity ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
White Matter Tracts

Background: Little is known about what distinguishes those who are resilient after trauma from those at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous work indicates white matter integrity may be a useful biomarker in predicting PTSD. Research has shown changes in the integrity of three white matter tracts—the cingulum bundle, corpus callosum (CC), and uncinate fasciculus (UNC)—in the aftermath of trauma relate to PTSD symptoms. However, few have examined the predictive utility of white matter integrity in the acute aftermath of trauma to predict prospective PTSD symptom severity in a mixed traumatic injury sample.Method: Thus, the current study investigated acute brain structural integrity in 148 individuals being treated for traumatic injuries in the Emergency Department of a Level 1 trauma center. Participants underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging 2 weeks post-trauma and completed several self-report measures at 2-weeks (T1) and 6 months (T2), including the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-V (CAPS-5), post-injury.Results: Consistent with previous work, T1 lesser anterior cingulum fractional anisotropy (FA) was marginally related to greater T2 total PTSD symptoms. No other white matter tracts were related to PTSD symptoms.Conclusions: Results demonstrate that in a traumatically injured sample with predominantly subclinical PTSD symptoms at T2, acute white matter integrity after trauma is not robustly related to the development of chronic PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest the timing of evaluating white matter integrity and PTSD is important as white matter differences may not be apparent in the acute period after injury.

Validation of mental health screening instruments in the Kashmir Valley, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tambri Housen ◽  
Annick Lenglet ◽  
Cono Ariti ◽  
Shabnum Ara ◽  
Showkat Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Screening Instruments ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Cut Point

The present study aimed to culturally adapt, translate, and validate the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Checklist (HTQ-16) prior to use in a cross-sectional mental health population survey in the Kashmir Valley. Cultural adaptation and translation of the HSCL-25 and the HTQ-16 employed multiple forms of transcultural validity check. The HSCL-25 and HTQ-16 were compared against a “gold standard” structured psychiatric interview, the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Interviews were conducted with 290 respondents recruited using consecutive sampling from general medical outpatient departments in five districts of the Kashmir Valley. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the cut point with optimal discriminatory power based on sensitivity and specificity. Internal reliability of the HSCL-25 was high, Cronbach’s alpha (α) = .92, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.75, with an estimated optimal cut point of 1.50, lower than the conventional cut point of 1.75. Separation of the instruments into subscales demonstrated a difference in the estimated cut point for the anxiety subscale and the depression subscale, 1.75 and 1.57, respectively. Too few respondents were diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during structured psychiatric interview, and therefore the HTQ-16 could not be validated despite the fact that high internal reliability was demonstrated (α = .90). This study verified the importance of culturally adapting and validating screening instruments in particular contexts. The use of the conventional cut point of 1.75 would likely have misclassified depression in our survey, leading to an underestimate of this condition.

scholarly journals Comparing Screening Instruments to Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Mouthaan ◽  
Marit Sijbrandij ◽  
Johannes B. Reitsma ◽  
Berthold P. R. Gersons ◽  
Miranda Olff
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Screening Instruments

Post-Traumatic Growth Following Politically Motivated Acts of Violence: 10 Years Post Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn E. Hawley ◽  
Amy J. Armstrong ◽  
Shimon Shiri ◽  
Jenna Czarnota ◽  
Sara Blumenfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Trauma Survivors ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
Post Traumatic Growth ◽  
Second Intifada ◽  
Post Traumatic

The study explored posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its relationship with the quality of life (QOL), posttraumatic stress, and resilience among survivors of terror attacks over 10 years post-injury. Participants were patients of Hadassah Medical Center, Israel, who were injured in terror attacks between 2000 and 2004 during the second Intifada. Variables of interest were obtained from a survey and patients' medical files. In total, 42 patients participated, 66% were men, and the average age was 41.4 years. Multivariate analysis was utilized to predict PTG from a variety of demographic variables including gender, ethnicity, relationship status, age, education, income, religiosity, and injury/disability type. Additional primary variables of study included current levels of QOL, posttraumatic stress, and resilience. Results revealed that married/partnered individuals had higher levels of PTG than divorced or single individuals. Findings suggest that social support following trauma is important for PTG and should be prioritized in recovery interventions with trauma survivors.

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