Review of The growth and development of the prematurely born infant.

1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Paul A. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Born Infant

The Growth and Development of the Prematurely Born Infant

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 805-805
Author(s):  
MARGARET DANN
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Full Term ◽  
School Age ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Birth Weight Group ◽  
Born Infant

This is a clear, well-organized account of a longitudinal study of several hundred prematurely born and full-term children, born in Edinburgh in 1952 and 1953. Starting with 595 children, 251 singletons weighing 5 lb 8 oz or less at birth, 119 full-term singletons as controls and 225 twins of all birth weights, Dr. Drillien was able to follow nearly 90 percent to school age. Besides the main survey group, she added a supplementary group of children of very low birth weight (3 lb or less) born between 1948 and 1960; in all, 110 children in this birth weight group were traced, and 72 followed to school age.

scholarly journals Benefit of synbiotic intervention in Caesarean section born infants and children: A nutritional perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Saptawati Bardosono ◽  
Dian Novita Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Born Infant ◽  
Metabolic Systems

The benefit to have infants being delivered physiologically through vagina is amongst others to get maternal microbes transmission that will affect host immunity and metabolic development. However this mode of delivery is not always the choice to infants for several reasons. Therefore, it raises questions whether there is a need to give specific intervention to the caesarean section (C-section) born infants and children for their optimal growth and development, i.e. provision of nutrients with or without pre-, pro- or synbiotics. Nutritional intervention is certainly important to support growth and development of all children, especially those born by C-section. However, in addition, to anticipate perturbation in the gut microbiota there is a need to prepare the C-section born infant through translocation from the mother’s intestinal microbiota, early initiation of breastfeeding and/or synbiotic supplementation formula. The superiority of synbiotic compare to prebiotic or probiotic alone is that synbiotic thought to have synergistic beneficial effects on the immune and metabolic systems in which it compensates the delayed Bifidobacterium colonization in C-section delivered infants and modulates the production of acetate and the acidification of the gut. However we still need to find consistent evidence & recommendation in the world on synbiotic for children in general and specifically for the C-section born infant & children that may have an impact on healthy young children’s gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Human Milk Metabolic Hormones: Analytical Methods and Current Understanding

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8708
Author(s):  
Majed A. Suwaydi ◽  
Zoya Gridneva ◽  
Sharon L. Perrella ◽  
Mary E. Wlodek ◽  
Ching Tat Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Born Infant ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Hormone Analysis

Human milk (HM) contains a wide array of peptide hormones including leptin and adiponectin, which are involved in the regulation of infant growth and development. These essential hormones might play an important role in the regulation of metabolic reprogramming of the new-born infant. However, HM hormone studies are sparse and heterogeneous in regard to the study design, sample collection, preparation and analysis methods. This review discussed the limitations of HM hormone analysis highlighting the gaps in pre-analytical and analytical stages. The methods used to quantify HM metabolic hormones (leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, insulin, obestatin, resistin and apelin) can be classified as immunoassay, immunosensor and chromatography. Immunoassay methods (ELISA and RIA) have been predominantly used in the measurement of these HM hormones. The relative validity parameters of HM hormones analysis are often overlooked in publications, despite the complexity and differences of HM matrix when compared to that of plasma and urine. Therefore, appropriate reports of validation parameters of methodology and instrumentation are crucial for accurate measurements and therefore better understanding of the HM metabolic hormones and their influences on infant outcomes.

An ultrastructural study of vegetative incompatibility in plants

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Standard Fixation

Cell and tissue interactions are a basic aspect of eukaryotic growth and development. While cell-to-cell interactions involving recognition and incompatibility have been studied extensively in animals, there is no known antigen-antibody reaction in plants and the recognition mechanisms operating in plant grafts have been virtually neglected.An ultrastructural study of the Sedum telephoides/Solanum pennellii graft was undertaken to define possible mechanisms of plant graft incompatibility. Grafts were surgically dissected from greenhouse grown plants at various times over 1-4 weeks and prepared for EM employing variations in the standard fixation and embedding procedure. Stock and scion adhere within 6 days after grafting. Following progressive cell senescence in both Sedum and Solanum, the graft interface appears as a band of 8-11 crushed cells after 2 weeks (Fig. 1, I). Trapped between the buckled cell walls are densely staining cytoplasmic remnants and residual starch grains, an initial product of wound reactions in plants.

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