Impact of questionnaire length, follow-up methods, and geographical location on response rate to a mail survey.

1975 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdish N. Sheth ◽  
A. Marvin Roscoe
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Mail Survey

scholarly journals Who Gets Lost, and What Difference Does It Make? Mixed Modes, Nonresponse Follow-up Surveys and the Estimation of Turnout

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas C Goldberg ◽  
Pascal Sciarini
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Politically Active

Abstract This article assesses whether—and to what extent—turnout bias in postelection surveys is reduced by adding a short nonresponse follow-up (NRFU) survey to a mixed-mode survey. Specifically, we examine how the NRFU survey influences response propensities across demographic groups and political factors and whether this affects data quality. We use a rich dataset on validated voter turnout data, collected across two different ballots. In addition to the main survey that comprises computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) and web respondents, both studies include a short follow-up mail survey for nonrespondents. The results demonstrate that collecting extra information from additional respondents on so-called “central” questions is worth the effort. In both studies, the NRFU survey substantially increases representativeness with respect to sociodemographic and participation variables. In particular, voters and politically active citizens are more accurately represented in the NRFU survey. This tends to result in better estimates of turnout determinants in the final (combined) sample than is seen from CATI/web respondents only. Moreover, the increase in response rate and the decrease in nonresponse bias comes at almost no price in terms of measurement errors. Vote overreporting is only slightly higher in the mail follow-up survey than in the main CATI/web survey.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Response Rate and Response Speed in a Mail Survey of Part-Time University Students

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Gwenna M. Moss
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Increase Response Rate ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Part Time

This paper reports the results of an experiment to determine the effects of questionnaire format, reminder format, and followup format on both response rate and response speed in a mail survey. Complete responses were received from 2212 of a sample of 2638 part- time university students, a rate of 83.8%. Mean response time was 16.09 days. Results indicated that: (1) typeset questionnaires were more effective than photocopied question- naires in terms of both response rate and speed; (2) the use of reminder postcards signifi- cantly increased both rate and speed; (3) there was no advantage in hand-addressed reminders over computer-produced labels; and (4) sending a replacement questionnaire as opposed to only a followup letter did not significantly increase response rate, but follow- up format interacted with questionnaire format in influencing response speed.

An Investigation into the Effects of Questionnaire Format and Color Variations on Mail Survey Response Rates

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Lagarce ◽  
Judith Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Survey Response ◽  
Color Design ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
Questionnaire Version ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Monitoring Response

This study examines the effect on mail survey response rates of variations in questionnaire color and format. A follow-up mail survey to a corporate incentive program was sent to more than 3,500 participants. Monitoring response rates by questionnaire version showed that a user-friendly format, followed by a two-color design, significantly increased response rates. Question wording and sequencing remained the same across questionnaire versions while format and color varied. A literature review revealed three issues addressed by past studies—structural, functional, and incentive—that impact response rates. Previous studies have found no response rate increases due to altering the color of a questionnaire. However, this study found that a user-friendly format, and to some extent color, was valuable for increasing mail survey response rates. Implications for writers of all forms of communication are drawn.

Survey Return Rates for Multiple-Authored versus Single-Authored Covering Letters

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
James H. Price ◽  
Jagdish Khubchandani ◽  
Michele Bryant ◽  
Megan Rickard ◽  
Candace Hendershot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Covering Letter

Differences in response rates to a three-wave mail survey were assessed when the covering letters were signed by three versus one researcher. 375 surveys including covering letters signed by three researchers and 375 surveys including covering letters signed by one researcher were sent. A follow-up mailing was used to increase the response rate. 199 surveys were returned (53.5%) in which the covering letter had three researchers, and 218 when the covering letter had one researcher (58.7%), not a significantly different distribution.

Effect on Mail Survey Return Rates of Including Questionnaires with Follow-up Letters

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Futrell ◽  
Charles W. Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cover Letter ◽  
Reminder Letter ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Initial Mailing

To study response rate a total of 2,002 questionnaires were mailed to respondents who were allocated to one of seven treatments. One treatment was a control group who received only an initial mailing (questionnaire and cover letter). The remaining six treatments were defined by two crossed factors, the number of follow-up waves of mailings (one, two, or three) and whether the follow-up mailings included only a reminder letter or a letter and another copy of a questionnaire. The results suggest more than one follow-up with a questionnaire is needed. A letter only was an ineffective method.

The noneffect of three variables on mail survey response rate.

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank J. Landy ◽  
Frederick Bates
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Survey Response ◽  
Survey Response Rate

Tailored immunotherapy approach with nivolumab in advanced transitional cell carcinoma (TITAN-TCC).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 446-446
Author(s):  
Marc-Oliver Grimm ◽  
Bernd Schmitz-Dräger ◽  
Uwe Zimmermann ◽  
Barbara Grün ◽  
Gustavo Bruno Baretton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
First Line ◽  
Third Line

446 Background: Several PD-1 immune-checkpoint inhibitors including Nivolumab (Nivo) are approved in urothelial cancer. Recently, in the front line setting, improved activity of combined PD-L1 and CTLA4 immune-checkpoint inhibition has been reported and a phase III trial with Nivolumab + Ipilimumab (Nivo+Ipi) is ongoing. Here we report a response-based tailored approach starting treatment with Nivo monotherapy using Nivo+Ipi as immunotherapeutic “boost”. Methods: Between July 2017 and April 2019 86 patients were enrolled and treated according to protocol version 3 (cohort 1). Patients started with Nivo 240 mg Q2W induction. After 4 dosings and tumor assessment at week 8 (i) responders (PR/CR) to Nivo monotherapy continued with maintenance while (ii) patients with stable (SD) or progressive disease (PD) received 2 cycles Nivo3+Ipi1 followed by another 2 cycles Nivo1+Ipi3 if not responding. Median follow-up is 8.7 months. The primary endpoint is confirmed investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST1.1. Secondary endpoints include activity of Nivo monotherapy at week 8, remission rate with Nivo+Ipi “boosts”, safety, overall survival and quality of life. Results: Of the patients 42, 39 and 5 were first, second and third line, respectively. Median age was 67 years (range 45-84), 61 patients (71 %) were male and 25 female. ORR with Nivo monotherapy at first assessment (week 8) was 29 % and 23 % in first and second/third line, respectively. Of the patients 41 received Nivo+Ipi “boosts” after week 8 while 12 received later “boosts”. Best overall response (BOR) rate with Nivo induction ± Nivo+Ipi “boosts” was 48 % and 27 % in first and second/third line, respectively. In first line 7/17 (41 %) patients receiving Nivo+Ipi after week 8 had an improved response compared to 2/24 (8.3 %) in second/third line. Of the patients who continued with Nivo maintenance after week 8 and received later “boosts” 2/12 (17 %) had a PR and 2/12 (17 %) improved to SD. Treatment-related AEs will be presented. Conclusions: TITAN–TCC explores a response-driven use of Nivo+Ipi as an immunotherapeutic “boost”. In first line, this significantly improved ORR compared to the expected response rate of Nivo monotherapy, providing further evidence to the added value of Ipi in combination with Nivo. Further follow-up is ongoing to characterize duration and depth of response. Clinical trial information: NCT03219775 . Research Sponsor: Bristol-Myers Squibb[Table: see text]

scholarly journals The Correlation of Stress in Residency With Future Stress and Burnout: A 10-Year Prospective Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Raimo ◽  
Sean LaVine ◽  
Kelly Spielmann ◽  
Meredith Akerman ◽  
Karen A. Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Survey Instruments

ABSTRACT Background  Residents and practicing physicians displaying signs of stress is common. It is unclear whether stress during residency persists into professional practice or is associated with future burnout. Objective  We assessed the persistence of stress after residency and its correlation with burnout in professional practice. We hypothesized that stress would linger and be correlated with future burnout. Methods  A prospective cohort study was conducted over 10 years using survey instruments with existing validity evidence. Residents over 3 academic years (2003–2005) were surveyed to measure stress in residency. Ten years later, these residents were sought out for a second survey measuring current stress and burnout in professional practice. Results  From 2003 to 2005, 143 of 155 residents participated in the initial assessment (92% response rate). Of those, 21 were excluded in 2015 due to lack of contact information; follow-up surveys were distributed to 122 participants, and 81 responses were received (66% response rate and 57% of original participants). Emotional distress in residency correlated with emotional distress in professional practice (correlation coefficient = 0.45, P < .0001), emotional exhaustion (correlation coefficient = 0.30, P = .007), and depersonalization (correlation coefficient = 0.25, P = .029). Multivariate linear regression showed that emotional distress in residency was associated with future emotional distress (β estimate = 0.57, P = .005) and depersonalization (β estimate = 2.29, P = .028). Conclusions  We showed emotional distress as a resident persists into individuals' professional practice 10 years later and has an association with burnout in practice.

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