The relationship between the predictive power of aptitude tests for trainability and for job proficiency.

1952 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Brown ◽  
E. E. Ghiselli
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Aptitude Tests ◽  
Job Proficiency ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Trust Mediating Reliability–Reliance Relationship in Supervisory Control of Human–Swarm Interactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1237-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Hussein ◽  
Sondoss Elsawah ◽  
Hussein A. Abbass
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Trust In Automation ◽  
The Relationship

Objective This work aims to further test the theory that trust mediates the interdependency between automation reliability and the rate of human reliance on automation. Background Human trust in automation has been the focus of many research studies. Theoretically, trust has been proposed to impact human reliance on automation by mediating the relationship between automation reliability and the rate of human reliance. Experimentally, however, the results are contradicting as some confirm the mediating role of trust, whereas others deny it. Hence, it is important to experimentally reinvestigate this role of trust and understand how the results should be interpreted in the light of existing theory. Method Thirty-two subjects supervised a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in foraging missions in which the swarm provided recommendations on whether or not to collect potential targets, based on the information sensed by the UAVs. By manipulating the reliability of the recommendations, we observed changes in participants’ trust and their behavioral responses. Results A within-subject mediation analysis revealed a significant mediation role of trust in the relationship between swarm reliability and reliance rate. High swarm reliability increased the rate of correct acceptances, but decreased the rate of correct rejections. No significant effect of reliability was found on response time. Conclusion Trust is not a mere by-product of the interaction; it possesses a predictive power to estimate the level of reliance on automation. Application The mediation role of trust confirms the significance of trust calibration in determining the appropriate level of reliance on swarm automation.

scholarly journals Predictor Variables of Childbearing Motivations in Brazilian Women and Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Violeta Vasquez Varas ◽  
Juliane Callegaro Borsa
Keyword(s):  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Partner Relationship ◽  
Difference Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the relationships between positive (PCM), negative (NCM) childbearing motivations and psychological, sociodemographic, family of origin and partner relationship variables in a sample of 1969 Brazilians (83.6% female), aged 18 to 50 years (M = 29.27; SD = 5.97). Spearman correlations, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis U-tests, and multiple regressions were performed. The results of the correlations and multiple regressions verified the relationship between both motivations and the various variables postulated. It was also verified that religiosity was the variable with greater predictive power for PCM and having or not having children was the variable with greater predictive power for NCM. In the group difference analysis, significant differences were found for PCM according to occupation, type of relationship, and presence/absence of a partner. As for the NCM, significant differences were found according to sex.

scholarly journals Empirical examination of decision making core technology adoption theory to explain youth preferences for HIV preventive actions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Njabulo Samson Melusi Shongwe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Core Model ◽  
Adoption Theory ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Core Technology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Action Intention

This study reports on the application of decision making core technology adoption theory to empirically examine youth preferences for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) preventive actions. In order to contribute to the open discourse on whether technology adoption rate is higher for male or female, goal desire, goal intention, action desire and action intention elements of decision making core theory were tested. A mobile health information system was implemented as an HIV information disseminating tool and used for experimentation to determine adoption by youths. A dataset of 118 pupils from two high schools was used for pilot investigation. A dataset of 292 undergraduate youths aged 10-24 years from two universities in South Africa was generated to validate the research model. The Partial Least Square (PLS) analytic modelling technique was used to determine the predictive power of decision making core model from the input dataset. Results of experimentation show that regardless of the gender youth accepts to use mobile information system to access HIV information. The predictive power of the decision making core model was found to be independent of gender factor, which was also not found to moderate the relationship between Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) and action intention. In addition, gender was not found to moderate the order of importance in factors that predict youth preferences for HIV preventive action. PBC, action desire and goal desire were selected as the most important predictors of HIV preventive actions. The factor of action desire was found to mediate the relationship between PBC and action intention such that the mediation effect was stronger for male youth (68%) than for female youth (19%). Finally, the decision making core model better predicted youth preferences for HIV preventive actions as compared to two models based on Theory of Reason Action (TRA) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)

scholarly journals QSAR studies on imidazoles and sulfonamides as antidiabetic agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Veerasamy Ravichandran ◽  
Rajak Harish
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Qsar Studies ◽  
2D Qsar ◽  
Partial Least Square Analysis ◽  
Qsar Models ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The main objective of the present study was to establish significant and validated QSAR models for imidazoles and sulfonamides to explore the relationship between their physicochemical properties and antidiabetic activity. Two dimensional QSAR models had been developed by multiple linear regression and partial least square analysis methods, and then validated for internal and external predictions. The established 2D QSAR models were statistically significant and highly predictive. The validation methods provided significant statistical parameters with q2 > 0.5 and pred_r2 > 0.6, which proved the predictive power of the models. The developed 2D QSAR models revealed the significance of SlogP and T_N_O_5, and Mol.Wt and SsBrE-index properties of imidazoles and sulfonamides on their antidiabetic activity, respectively. These results should prove to be an essential guide for the further design and development of new imidazoles and sulfonamides having better antidiabetic activity.

Structural Models for Predicting the Difficulty of Multiplication Problems

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Fred Eugene Cromer
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Problem Difficulty ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to explore the relationship between problem characteristics and problem difficulty in simple, 2-factor multiplication problems and to determine whether an objective, parametric measure of problem difficulty could be found.The difficulty levels of 168 randomly generated multiplication problems were obtained by testing 238 fifth-grade children. Variables concerning the number of operations, digits carried, and magnitude of the digits were defined, and a least-squares procedure was used to construct several structural models. The predictive power was quite good, with these models accounting for 60-78% of the observed variance of problem difficulty.Possibilities for extension of this technique to other types of problems were also discussed.

Culture and prosocial behavior. An Incremental Validity Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Melinda Sabo ◽  
Ioan Mihnea Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated if values and social axioms predict prosocial behavior, as well as the incremental validity of social axioms, beyond values in the prediction of prosocial behavior. Considering that there is no evidence in the scientific literature for studies that explore the relationship of these three variables, the aim of the study was to fill in this gap. Initially 177 participants took part in the study; in the final analysis, data from 155 participants was included. Participants could access the questionnaires on social networks where they had to complete four trials of the Ultimatum and Dictator Game, the Prosocialness Scale (Caprara et. al, 2005), the Romanian version of the second edition of Social Axioms Survey (SAS-II; Leung et al., 2012) and the Value Survey of Schwartz (1992). Results showed that social axioms have incremental validity over and beyond values in the prediction of prosocial behavior – measured objective and subjective. These results bring evidence for values and social axioms explaining a significant part of the variance of the prosocial behavior. In addition, social axioms have a significant predictive power beyond values. This study has a theoretical and a practical contribution, as well. It contributes to the development of the culture, as a concept by adding the notion of social axioms and has a practical contribution for planning interventions that focus on changing the way people cooperate or modifying the helping tendencies of people.

Caregivers' contingent comments to 9-month-old infants: Relationships with later language

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAMELA ROSENTHAL ROLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Early Language Development ◽  
Maternal Style ◽  
Maternal Input ◽  
Language Measure ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Relationship

This prospective longitudinal study examined the relationship between caregiver input to 9-month-old infants and their subsequent language. Mother–infant dyads were videotaped at ages 9, 12, and 30 months. Language comprehension (at 12 and 18 months) was measured by parent report and correlated with an independent language measure. Three maternal style variables were reduced from the 9-month data. Only caregivers' contingent comments (CCC) related to infants' later language. These findings held after infants' skill with coordinated joint attention (CJA) was taken into account. The total number of words the mothers used when their infants were 9 months predicted vocabulary; however, the predictive power was encapsulated in the words the mother used during CCC. Because studies have typically examined maternal input once infants' CJA has emerged, this work contributes to current efforts to understand variations in early language development.

Influencing factors on carbon reporting: an empirical study in Spanish companies

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María González‐González ◽  
Constancio Zamora‐Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulatory Pressure ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dow Jones Sustainability Index ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) has become an international instrument for carbon reporting of companies. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of some factors of the institutional environment of organizations (regulatory pressure, sustainability normative demands and interconnectedness) on the evaluation obtained by Spanish companies in this project.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has proceeded to make a multiple regression analysis in order to analyze the relationship between the dependent variable (“Carbon Disclosure” qualification) and independent variables (regulatory pressure, sustainability normative demands and interconnectedness) supported on the computer program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).FindingsThe results show that the interconnectedness of companies through their participation in associations that fight against climate change is the analyzed factor with a higher predictive power and statistical significance. Also, the regulatory pressure and normative demands from sustainability indexes, such as Dow Jones Sustainability Index, influence the carbon reporting of organizations participating in the CDP.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of this paper is the reduced number of Spanish companies participating in the CDP.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the importance of the role developed by the associations fighting against climate change, since they allow the members to belong to a network through which they share resources, norms and values that positively and significantly influence their behaviour related to carbon reporting.

scholarly journals Associations between entrepreneurial empowerment and reasons for self-employment

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Urban
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Relationship

Building on previous research relating to entrepreneurship, empowerment and self-employment, this article investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial empowerment, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and self-employment. These constructs are formulated into distinct factors and a sample of undergraduate students (N = 112) early in their careers surveyed to establish the structure formed by these factors. These instruments are tested and shown to provide robust scales able to ensure construct validity and reliability. Multiple correlational and multiple regression analysis are then conducted to test the relationships between the specified variables, with results indicating almost unequivocal support for the hypothesised associations between entrepreneurial empowerment and reasons for business start-up. In particular the “risk-taking” factor is found to have great predictive power on various reasons provided for business start-up is analysed. Several practical and theoretical implications are drawn from the empirical results and integrated with established conceptual findings.

Examination of organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour among local government civil servants in Uganda

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1304-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Obedgiu ◽  
Vincent Bagire ◽  
Samuel Mafabi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
The Body ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Continuance Commitment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) among local government civil servants. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a cross-sectional survey research design with a response of 239 civil servants in the local government sector; data was collected using a questionnaire and quantitative approaches were used in analysis. Findings The findings reveal that there is a significant positive relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behaviour. The predictive power of organizational commitment on OCB is, however, lower than other similar studies in extant literature. Despite being significant, the coefficient of determination in the final model was very low raising thoughtful concerns hence recommendation for further analytical studies in the local government context in the African setting. Research limitations/implications The results in this study cannot be without limitations. The authors take a note of the sector that the authors studied, i.e., local governments, in which the authors may not have contextualized the concepts very well and had challenges of interpretation by the respondents. The authors were also limited by the lack of context-specific literature to underpin our discussion. The paper is also limited by the narrow scope of one region in Uganda and thus generalizability to the African level may be done with caution. Practical implications This study provides important implications to policy, practice and research. While policies provide for expected efficiencies and productivity, the authors note that an environment in which these are to be achieved is important when it promotes OCB. Policy makers should bear in mind behavioural elements for affective, normative and continuance commitment. Originality/value This study contributes to the body of knowledge by finding further support for the relationship between organizational commitment and OCB, and advances a likely debate that among local government civil servants in a developing country context the predictive power could be very low. This possibly explains the efficiency gaps at this level of state governance.

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