The acquisition of compound concepts as a function of previous training.

1954 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard H. Kendler ◽  
Robert Vineberg
Keyword(s):  
Compound Concepts ◽  
Previous Training

scholarly journals VirtualCPR: Virtual Reality Mobile Application for Training in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Techniques

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2504
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier García Fierros ◽  
Jesús Jaime Moreno Escobar ◽  
Gabriel Sepúlveda Cervantes ◽  
Oswaldo Morales Matamoros ◽  
Ricardo Tejeida Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Previous Training ◽  
Color Indicator

Deaths due to heart diseases are a leading cause of death in Mexico. Cardiovascular diseases are considered a public health problem because they produce cardiorespiratory arrests. During an arrest, cardiac and/or respiratory activity stops. A cardiorespiratory arrest is rapidly fatal without a quick and efficient intervention. As a response to this problem, the VirtualCPR system was designed in the present work. VirtualCPR is a mobile virtual reality application to support learning and practicing of basic techniques of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for experts or non-experts in CPR. VirtualCPR implements an interactive virtual scenario with the user, which is visible by means of employment of virtual reality lenses. User’s interactions, with our proposal, are by a portable force sensor for integration with training mannequins, whose development is based on an application for the Android platform. Furthermore, this proposal integrates medical knowledge in first aid, related to the basic CPR for adults using only the hands, as well as technological knowledge, related to development of simulations on a mobile virtual reality platform by three main processes: (i) force measurement and conversion, (ii) data transmission and (iii) simulation of a virtual scenario. An experiment by means of a multifactorial analysis of variance was designed considering four factors for a CPR session: (i) previous training in CPR, (ii) frequency of compressions, (iii) presence of auditory suggestions and (iv) presence of color indicator. Our findings point out that the more previous training in CPR a user of the VirtualCPR system has, the greater the percentage of correct compressions obtained from a virtual CPR session. Setting the rate to 100 or 150 compressions per minute, turning on or off the auditory suggestions and turning the color indicator on or off during the session have no significant effect on the results obtained by the user.

Canadian Trends in Free Flap Management for Microsurgical Lower Limb Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 229255032110196
Author(s):  
Michelle Bonapace-Potvin ◽  
Alexander Govshievich ◽  
Laurent Tessier ◽  
Mihiran Karunanayake ◽  
Dominique Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Limb Reconstruction ◽  
Changing Practice ◽  
Current State ◽  
Lower Limb Reconstruction ◽  
Tumor Extirpation ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
Previous Training

Introduction: Free tissue transfers have become a mainstay in lower limb salvage, allowing safe and reliable reconstruction after trauma, tumor extirpation, and complex wounds. The optimal perioperative (PO) management of these flaps remains controversial. This study aims to assess the current state of practice among Canadian microsurgeons. Methods: Sixty-four Canadian microsurgeons were approached to complete an online questionnaire regarding their PO management of fasciocutaneous free flaps used for lower limb reconstruction. Trends in dangling timing and duration, use of venous couplers, compressive garments, thromboprophylaxis, and surgeons’ satisfaction with their protocol were assessed. Results: Twenty-eight surgeons responded. Fifty-seven percent did not have a specific mobilization protocol. Dangling was mainly initiated on postoperative days 5 to 6 (44%). The most common protocol duration was 5 to 6 days (43%). The concern for prolonged venous pooling was the main reason for delay of dangling (71%). Compressive garments were placed routinely by 12 surgeons (43%) with 20% starting before dangling, 46% with dangling, and 33% after dangling. Venous couplers were routinely used by 24 surgeons (85.7%). Trends in management were influenced by previous training in 53.6% of cases (vs evidence-based medicine 7.1%). Although 89.3% were satisfied with their approach, 92.8% would consider changing practice if higher-level evidence was available. Conclusions: The majority of Canadian microsurgeons initiate dangling early and utilize venous couplers. However, the use of compressive garments is limited. Trends in management are largely based on personal experience. Nearly all surgeons would consider changing their practice if higher-level evidence was available.

scholarly journals A formal framework for robot to understand compound concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1846 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
Yuanxiu Liao ◽  
Mingrui Yan ◽  
Xinqiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Formal Framework ◽  
Compound Concepts

scholarly journals Open Online Course on Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Investigation of an Audience and the Effects of Distant Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Birkun ◽  
V. R. Dantanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Online Course ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
Massive Open Online Course ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cpr Training ◽  
Previous Training

Aim. To study the demand for the massive open online course on basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and to evaluate effects of the training based on the socio-demographic profile of the audience.Material and methods. The data obtained from a survey conducted on participants of the online course «First Aid in Cardiac Arrest (Basic Resuscitation)» during a one-year period (07.2018–07.2019) were analyzed, including demographic data, initial and final levels of knowledge on CPR, and willingness to resuscitate a stranger. The 5-point Lickert scale was used for self-assessment of knowledge and willingness to attempt CPR.Results. The analysis includes data collected from 11,924 people, out of which 3,445 (29%) have completed the training. Eighty percent of participants live in the Russian Federation. The mean age of trainees, who completed the course, was 25.7 years, 45% of them were males, 42% had learnt CPR previously, 12% had medical education. As a result of the training, a significant increase (P<0.001) in the willingness to attempt CPR (from 3.26 to 4.16 points) and an increase in self-perceived CPR knowledge (from 2.24 to 3.98 points) were registered. The percentage of trainees who expressed a high level of willingness to perform CPR (4–5 points) increased from 44% to 81% (P<0.001). The course was more likely to be completed by those trainees who had previous training in CPR (p<0.001), who initially demonstrated higher willingness to provide CPR (P=0.003) or a higher level of knowledge in CPR (P<0.001). Trainees who had previous CPR training showed a much higher level of knowledge, higher self-confidence and a higher level of readiness to provide CPR (P<0.001). Approximately 14% of trainees with medical education reported having no previous training in CPR.Conclusions. The massive open online course promotes knowledge of CPR and serves as an important tool for increasing the willingness of lay people to provide first aid in case of cardiac arrest. Previous CPR training is a motivating factor to continue education in resuscitation.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Model Diklat Interaksi dan Komunikasi Anak dengan Autisme

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisno Ikhwanudin
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
D Model ◽  
Previous Training

This research is motivated by the need for the design and implementation of training model for the development of interaction and communication of children with autism that is effective according to the needs of the institution and the field. The formulation of the problem is "what kind of training model that suits the needs of teacher competence improvement in developing interaction and communication skills of children with autism disorder?". This research uses Research and Development (R & D) model of Dugan Laird model. This research uses purposive sampling which involves all respondents of alumni of related training. Data were analyzed using t-test and qualitative analysis. The conclusions are: (1) based on the result of the test on the data of the alumni of training perception on his own competence and the implementation of the training result in their schools, the result of the test shows that the autistic training conducted in Bandung is more effective than the previous two training, Medan and Semarang training. (2) The resulting training design model is assumed to be more effective than the previous training design because it has the clarity of the program structure and its evaluation system.

scholarly journals Leg-heel chest compression as an alternative for medical professionals in times of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Ott ◽  
Alexander Krohn ◽  
Laurence H. Bilfield ◽  
F. Dengler ◽  
C. Jaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Compression ◽  
Effective Alternative ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Compression Depth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Manual Chest Compression ◽  
Special Circumstances ◽  
Previous Training

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate leg-heel chest compression without previous training as an alternative for medical professionals and its effects on distance to potential aerosol spread during chest compression.Methods20 medical professionals performed standard manual chest compression followed by leg-heel chest compression after a brief instruction on a manikin. We compared percentage of correct chest compression position, percentage of full chest recoil, percentage of correct compression depth, average compression depth, percentage of correct compression rate and average compression rate between both methods. In a second approach, potential aerosol spread during chest compression was visualized.ResultsThere was no significant difference between manual and leg-heel compression. The distance to potential aerosol spread could have been increased by leg-heel method.ConclusionUnder special circumstances like COVID-19-pandemic, leg-heel chest compression may be an effective alternative without previous training compared to manual chest compression while markedly increasing the distance to the patient.

scholarly journals TEACHERS’ AWARENESS OF NIGERIA’S EDUCATIONAL POLICY ON ICT AND ITS EFFECT ON THE USE OF ICTS IN OYO STATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
Dare Naomi Olufunke
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Ict Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
Previous Training ◽  
Primary And Secondary School

This study is designed to examine the level of awareness of primary and secondary school teachers invited for a capacity building workshop on ICT of Nigeria’s educational policy on ICT as well as its possible influence on the use of ICT for classroom teaching and learning. Two hundred volunteers (out of the 250 participants invited from all the Local Government Areas of the state) at an ICT training workshop organized for Oyo state (Nigeria) teachers participated in this study. Data was collected using a self-constructed and validated questionnaire titled “Teachers awareness of Nigeria’s educational policy on ICT” and the data were analyzed using simple percentage, t-test and ANOVA. The study found that only a small percentage of the respondents possess a high level of awareness of the country’s educational policy on ICT, in fact, a considerable proportion of the respondents (35.1%) of the respondents were either completely ignorant of the policy or possess poor levels of its awareness. Previous training in which some of these respondents attended had no significant influence on their awareness of the country’s educational policy on ICT. The study also presented some implications of this to ICTs use for teaching and learning purposes in the schools. Key words: awareness, educational policy, ICT, schools, students, teachers.

scholarly journals Student Attitudes toward Intensive English Program at CSCED and their Effects on Academic Achievement

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 139-157
Author(s):  
Bashayer Raghian Albalawi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Student Attitudes ◽  
English Language ◽  
Student Attitude ◽  
P Value ◽  
Intensive English ◽  
Language Program ◽  
The University ◽  
Previous Training ◽  
Different Levels

The present study investigates the influence of some variables related to attiudes, motivation, and academic achievement. As students of the intensive English language program at Community Service and Continuious Education Deanship (CSCED) show different levels of education, different purposes of study, and different levels of previous training, the research investigates the effect of such variables on student attitude. The variable of sex is also added as the intensive English language program in CSCED at University of Tabuk consists of both male and female students. To collect the required data, a 5-point Likert scale attitude questionnaire was developed. The attitude scale involved 32 items. According to the results of the study, students hold positive attitudes toward the intensive English language program in CSCED at the Tabuk University. In addition, there are no statistically significant differences in student attitude toward the intensive English language program in CSCED at the University of Tabuk according to the following variables: teacher nationality (p-value > 0.05), their level of education (p-value > 0.05), and their sex (p-value > 0.05). There are statistically significant differences between attitudes of students toward the intensive English language program in the CSCED in the University of Tabuk according to the following variables: their academic achievement (p-value < 0.05), their purpose of study (p-value < 0.05), and their previous training programs (p-value < 0.05). Some recommendations were suggested in relation to EFL student attitudes.

scholarly journals Lifelong Zero-Shot Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Wei ◽  
Cheng Deng ◽  
Xu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Evaluation Protocol ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Knowledge Distillation ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Previous Training ◽  
Current Stage

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) handles the problem that some testing classes never appear in training set. Existing ZSL methods are designed for learning from a fixed training set, which do not have the ability to capture and accumulate the knowledge of multiple training sets, causing them infeasible to many real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a new ZSL setting, named as Lifelong Zero-Shot Learning (LZSL), which aims to accumulate the knowledge during the learning from multiple datasets and recognize unseen classes of all trained datasets. Besides, a novel method is conducted to realize LZSL, which effectively alleviates the Catastrophic Forgetting in the continuous training process. Specifically, considering those datasets containing different semantic embeddings, we utilize Variational Auto-Encoder to obtain unified semantic representations. Then, we leverage selective retraining strategy to preserve the trained weights of previous tasks and avoid negative transfer when fine-tuning the entire model. Finally, knowledge distillation is employed to transfer knowledge from previous training stages to current stage. We also design the LZSL evaluation protocol and the challenging benchmarks. Extensive experiments on these benchmarks indicate that our method tackles LZSL problem effectively, while existing ZSL methods fail.

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