Multiple somatic measures and heart rate during classical aversive conditioning in the cat.

1974 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Howard ◽  
P. A. Obrist ◽  
C. J. Gaebelein ◽  
R. A. Galosy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Classical Aversive Conditioning

Baroreflex unimpaired by operant avoidance or classical aversive conditioning in dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. R1025-R1034
Author(s):  
R. A. Shammas ◽  
A. L. Denison ◽  
T. W. Pfennig ◽  
D. P. Hemker ◽  
R. B. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Shock Avoidance ◽  
Classical Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Sinus Pressure

Previous studies showed that baroreflex control of heart rate is impaired during operant shock avoidance conditioning and classical aversive conditioning. However, the effects of such "emotionally stressful" paradigms on the ability of the baroreflex to control arterial pressure have not been directly assessed. We prepared the carotid sinus regions of dogs for reversible isolation from the systemic circulation, and we derived complete stimulus-response relations for the effects of carotid sinus pressure on both heart rate and arterial pressure. For any given carotid sinus pressure, arterial pressure and heart rate were higher during operant shock-avoidance conditioning and during classical aversive conditioning than in a neutral environment, which indicates an upward resetting of the baroreflex. However, threshold and saturation carotid sinus pressures were unaffected by operant conditioning or classical conditioning, which indicates that the baroreceptors themselves were not reset. The ranges over which the carotid baroreflex could vary arterial pressure and heart rate were significantly increased during both operant conditioning and classical conditioning. Baroreflex gain was unchanged during operant conditioning and was significantly increased during classical conditioning. We conclude that the baroreflex is not impaired during operant shock-avoidance conditioning or classical aversive conditioning in dogs. However, the baroreflex is reset and regulates blood pressure at an elevated level.

Heart-Rate Conditioning in Rats as a Function of Interstimulus Interval

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1103-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Glen K. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Classical Conditioning ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Reinforcement Theory ◽  
Temporal Gradient ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
Heart Rate Conditioning ◽  
Classical Aversive Conditioning

Classical aversive conditioning of heart rate in rats was studied using a 2 × 6 factorial design involving comparisons of trace and delayed conditioning procedures and six CS-US intervals (.0, .1, .3, .5, 1.0, and 6.0 sec.). Positive evidence of decelerative HR CRs was obtained at the .5, 1.0 and 6.0 ISIs, with maximum conditioning occurring at the 6.0 value. The results supported a modified version of the temporal gradient of reinforcement theory of classical conditioning. Problems relating to the separation of true CRs from nonassociative reactions to the CS were also discussed.

Classical aversive conditioning of heart rate in curarized rats at different blood gas levels

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Claude J. Gaebelein ◽  
James L. Howard ◽  
Richard A. Galosy ◽  
Paul A. Obrist
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aversive Conditioning ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Classical Aversive Conditioning
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