Relative aversiveness of signaled vs. unsignaled avoidable and escapable shock situations in humans.

1974 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Badia ◽  
Stuart A. Culbertson ◽  
John Harsh
Keyword(s):  
Escapable Shock

Aggression during Learned-Helplessness Pretraining as a Coping Response

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-485
Author(s):  
Michael J. Follick
Keyword(s):  
Inescapable Shock ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Coping Response ◽  
Adaptive Function ◽  
Escapable Shock ◽  
Helplessness Hypothesis

This study examined the effects of the opportunity to aggress during pretraining for learned helplessness. While rats individually given inescapable shock showed deficits in subsequent chain-pull escape, the performance of rats given inescapable shock in pairs did not differ from that of animals exposed to escapable shock or no shock. These results are interpreted as contrary to the prediction of the learned-helplessness hypothesis and are consistent with the notion that shock-induced aggression serves an adaptive function.

Discrimination between Escapable and Inescapable Shock

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Domjan ◽  
John W. Rowell
Keyword(s):  
Inescapable Shock ◽  
Escape Behavior ◽  
Escape Conditioning ◽  
Escapable Shock ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

8 rats were exposed to a procedure in which several escapable-shock sessions were alternated with inescapable-shock sessions. The conditioned escape behavior was observed to persist as superstitious escape during inescapable shock. The rate and resistance to extinction of the superstitious escape behavior was found to decline with repeated changes from escapable to inescapable shock. Amount of escape conditioning was not observed to affect this discrimination.

Exposure to inescapable but not escapable shock increases extracellular levels of 5-HT in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat

1998 ◽  
Vol 783 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmin Maswood ◽  
Julie E Barter ◽  
Linda R Watkins ◽  
Steven F Maier
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Raphe ◽  
Raphe Nucleus ◽  
Escapable Shock ◽  
Dorsal Raphé

Effects of Shock Controllability on Subsequent Aggressive and Defensive Behaviors in the Cockroach (Periplaneta Americana)

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Brown ◽  
Gary D. Hughes ◽  
Andrew A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Inescapable Shock ◽  
Defensive Behavior ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Shock Group ◽  
Escapable Shock ◽  
Social Encounter ◽  
Defensive Behaviors

Male cockroaches ( Periplaneta americana) were exposed to either escapable, inescapable, or no shock in an escape task for three consecutive days. 24 hr. later they were placed individually in an aquarium with a naive cockroach and the frequency of aggressive behavior and defensive behavior was recorded by a blind observer. The inescapable shock group of cockroaches displayed less aggressive behavior and a greater tendency to retreat from social encounter than the escapable shock or no shock groups.

Inescapable versus escapable shock modulates long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus

Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 244 (4901) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shors ◽  
T. Seib ◽  
S Levine ◽  
R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Rat Hippocampus ◽  
Escapable Shock ◽  
Term Potentiation

Coping and immunosuppression: inescapable but not escapable shock suppresses lymphocyte proliferation

Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 221 (4610) ◽  
pp. 568-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Laudenslager ◽  
S. Ryan ◽  
R. Drugan ◽  
R. Hyson ◽  
S. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Escapable Shock

Cold-Induced Amnesia Blocks Escape Deficits in the Cockroach (Periplaneta Americana)

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Brown ◽  
Angela Moore ◽  
Deidra Tallman
Keyword(s):  
Inescapable Shock ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Escapable Shock ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Escape Deficit

For three consecutive days, four groups of adult cockroaches ( Periplaneta americana) were yoked to cockroaches receiving escapable shock. The four groups of subjects received either inescapable shock followed by exposure to 12 minutes of cold (2° C), inescapable shock followed by no exposure to cold, no-shock followed by exposure to cold, or no-shock followed by no exposure to cold. 24 hr. later all five groups were run on a different escape task. The cockroaches exposed to inescapable shock followed by no exposure to cold showed the usual escape deficit. The cockroaches exposed to inescapable shock followed by exposure to cold did not differ from the escapable shock cockroaches or the controls.

Immunization of opioid analgesia: Effects of prior escapable shock on subsequent shock-induced and morphine-induced antinociception

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Moye ◽  
Richard L. Hyson ◽  
James W. Grau ◽  
Steven F. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesia ◽  
Escapable Shock
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