Relationship between supervisory cognitive style and social orientation.

1974 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Gruenfeld ◽  
P. Weissenberg
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Kitayama ◽  
Mayumi Karasawa ◽  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Jinkyung Na ◽  
Michael E. W. Varnum ◽  
...  

Previous work showed that East-Asians tend to be more holistic in cognitive style and more interdependent in social orientation than Westerners. It is not clear, however, whether these differences generalize beyond the young, well-educated, financially well-off samples that have been tested in the past. We administered 16 previously studied psychological tasks to random samples of Americans and Japanese who varied in age (25-79), gender, and education. We found that the East-West differences are remarkably stable across the sub-populations. The present research provides the first empirical evidence that East Asian adults reliably differ from Western adults in cognitive style and social orientation, regardless of age, gender, or level of educational attainment, and across a variety of socio-cognitive tasks. Our findings have implications for the significant role culture plays in shaping various psychological processes and highlight the risk of basing psychological theories on observations made in a small segment of humanity.


2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Marquez ◽  
Joel Ellwanger

Independent self-construals in Western cultures may promote analytic information processing and low field dependence, while interdependent self-construals in Eastern cultures may foster holistic information processing and high field dependence. To examine these ideas, the social orientation and cognitive style of 254 introductory psychology students were measured. Multiple regression analyses indicated a non-significant relationship between the participants' social orientation and cognitive style ( R2s ranged from .00 to .01, 95% confidence intervals for R2 ranged from .00 to .05). These findings indicate that the hypothesis that collectivism and individualism are associated with differences in information processing between individuals needs further scrutiny. The possible reasons for the lack of association between social orientation and cognitive style are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinkyung Na ◽  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Michael E. W. Varnum ◽  
Mayumi Karasawa ◽  
Youngwon Cho ◽  
...  

We test the proposition that both social orientation and cognitive style are constructs consisting of loosely related attributes. Thus, measures of each construct should weakly correlate among themselves, forming intra-individually stable profiles across measures over time. Study 1 tested diverse samples of Americans (N = 233) and Japanese (N = 433) with a wide range of measures of social orientation and cognitive style to explore correlations among these measures in a cross-cultural context, using demographically heterogeneous samples. Study 2 recruited a new sample of 485 Americans and Canadians and examined their profiles on measures of social orientation and cognitive style twice, one month apart, to assess the stability of individual profiles using these variables. Despite finding typical cross-cultural differences, Study 1 demonstrated negligible correlations both among measures of social orientation and among measures of cognitive style. Study 2 demonstrated stable intra-individual behavioral profiles across measures capturing idiosyncratic patters of social orientation and cognitive style, despite negligible correlations among the same measures. The results provide support for the behavioral profile approach to conceptualizing social orientation and cognitive style, highlighting the need to assess intra-individual stability of psychological constructs in cross-cultural research.


2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gesine Grande ◽  
Matthias Romppel ◽  
Matthias Michal ◽  
Elmar Brähler

The interaction of negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI), known as the Type D personality, is associated with a worse prognosis in cardiac patients. Until now, causal models have been speculative, and this is partly due to a lack of clarity related to the validity of SI, its role in emotion regulation, and the postulated independence of social and emotional functioning. To examine the construct validity of the Type D personality, we analyzed associations of NA and SI with different measures of affectivity, social anxiety, and social competencies in a German population-based representative sample (n = 2,495). Both NA and SI were associated with all other measures of social functioning and negative affect (all rs > .30) and showed considerable cross-loadings (NA: a 1 = .39, a 2 = .63; SI: a1 = .73 and a2 = .34) in a two-factor solution with the factors labeled as Social Functioning and Negative Affectivity. The SI subscale did not properly differentiate between social fears and social competencies, which emerged as rather different aspects of social functioning. Further studies should examine the effect of broader dimensions of social orientation and competencies and their interaction with NA on cardiac prognosis.


1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Globerson ◽  
Eliya Weinstein ◽  
Ruth Sharabany

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-502
Author(s):  
Nora Newcombe

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-610
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated

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