Peripheral control of meal size in the rat: Effect of sham feeding on meal size and drinking rate.

1973 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Davis ◽  
Constance S. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Meal Size ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Drinking Rate

Effect of meal size and frequency on postprandial thermogenesis in dogs

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. E144-E147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. LeBlanc ◽  
P. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Cephalic Phase ◽  
Postprandial Thermogenesis ◽  
Thermogenic Response ◽  
Large Meal

The influence of meal size and frequency on postprandial thermogenesis was studied in nine mongrel dogs (congruent to 18 kg). Oxygen uptake (VO2) and respiratory quotient (R) were continuously monitored by indirect calorimetry during the following experiments. In expt 1, four dogs were fed on alternated days either a large (3.1 MJ) or small meal (0.77 MJ). In expt 2, five different dogs were fed on alternated days either one large meal (3.1 MJ) or four consecutive small meals (0.77 MJ) spaced at 1.5-h intervals. In expt 3, the four dogs of expt 1 after being sham fed 3 times at 1.5-h intervals were given one large meal (3.1 MJ). The VO2 increase during the initial or cephalic phase (congruent to 50 min) was independent of the meal size but it was directly proportional to the amount of food ingested during the digestive phase. The total thermogenic response to four small meals (125 g) fed at 1.5-h intervals was twice as large as that of one large meal (500 g). One large meal (500 g) preceded by three periods of sham feeding was also found to be more thermogenic than a large meal only. For all experiments the changes in R were seen to parallel the postprandial fluctuations in VO2. These findings indicate that the enhanced heat production obtained when meal frequency is increased is caused by the repeated sensory stimulation produced by palatable food.

NMDA receptor participation in control of food intake by the stomach

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. R1362-R1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Covasa ◽  
Robert C. Ritter ◽  
Gilbert A. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nmda Receptors ◽  
Nmda Antagonist ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Increase Food Intake

We previously reported that MK-801 (dizocilpine), an antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors, increased meal size and duration in rats. MK-801 did not increase sham feeding or attenuate reduction of sham feeding by intraintestinal nutrient infusions. These results suggested that the MK-801-induced increase in meal size did not depend on antagonism of postgastric satiety signals. Consequently, we hypothesized that the NMDA antagonist might increase food intake by directly antagonizing gastric mechanosensory signals or by accelerating gastric emptying, thereby reducing gastric mechanoreceptive feedback. To test this hypothesis, we recorded intake of 15% sucrose in rats implanted with pyloric cuffs that could be closed to prevent gastric emptying. Sucrose intake was increased when the pyloric cuffs were open, allowing the stomach to empty. However, intake was not increased when the pyloric cuffs were inflated, causing gastric retention of all ingested sucrose. Direct measurements of gastric emptying revealed that MK-801 accelerated the emptying of 5-ml loads of 0.9% NaCl and 15% sucrose. Furthermore, MK-801 also accelerated the rate of emptying of freely ingested sucrose regardless of the volume ingested. Taken together with our previous findings, these results indicate that blockade of NMDA receptors with MK-801 does not increase food intake by antagonizing gastric mechanosensation. Rather, it accelerates gastric emptying, and thereby may indirectly reduce gastric mechanoreceptive cues, resulting in prolongation of eating. Modulation of gastric emptying rate by NMDA receptors could play an important role in the control of meal sizes.

Effect of cholecystokinin on meal size and intermeal interval in the sham-feeding rat.

1978 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Scott Kraly ◽  
William J. Carty ◽  
Steven Resnick ◽  
Gerard P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Meal Size ◽  
Sham Feeding

Postgastric satiety in the sham-feeding rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (6) ◽  
pp. R872-R881 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Reidelberger ◽  
T. J. Kalogeris ◽  
P. M. Leung ◽  
V. E. Mendel
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Gastric Distension ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Threshold Rate ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Fasted Rats

A sham-feeding model using rats fitted with gastric and duodenal cannulas was employed to investigate the role of postgastric mechanisms of satiety in the short-term control of food intake. When fasted rats sham fed a liquid diet [Vivonex High Nitrogen (VHN), 0.5 kcal/ml], food drained freely from gastric fistulas, and mean first-meal size and 90-min intake increased more than threefold. Varying the rate of duodenal infusion of diet during sham feeding (0.06-0.44 kcal/min) decreased first-meal size and total intake in a dose-dependent manner. First meals ended when mean loads of 2-3 kcal had been delivered. The threshold rate (0.11 kcal/min) decreased meal size and total intake by more than 50%. When fasted rats consumed VHN to satiety with closed gastric fistulas, rate of gastric emptying of diet during feeding averaged 0.32 +/- 0.02 kcal/min and the load emptied by meal termination averaged 3.8 +/- 0.2 kcal. These results indicate that rates of gastric emptying of diet and loads delivered to the small intestine following ingestion of liquid food are sufficient to elicit postgastric satiety in the absence of gastric distension.

Postpyloric stimuli are necessary for the normal control of meal size in real feeding and sham feeding rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. R888-R895 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Davis ◽  
G. P. Smith ◽  
J. Miesner
Keyword(s):  
Conditioned Stimulus ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
The Real

When 0.8 M sucrose is sham fed, intake increases progressively on consecutive tests and then plateaus. Interspersing two real feeding tests between sham feeding tests prevents this increase in sham intake [J. D. Davis and G. P. Smith. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 28): R1228-R1235, 1990]. This is consistent with an acquired control of ingestion based on an association between an oropharyngeal conditioned stimulus (CS) and a postingestional unconditioned stimulus (UCS). To determine if this postingestional UCS has a gastric or postgastric origin (or a combined one), we confined ingested 0.8 M sucrose to the stomach on real feeding and sham feeding tests by closing the pylorus with an inflatable Silastic cuff. Rats were tested on seven sham feeding tests separated by two real feeding tests and then on six consecutive sham feeding tests. In contrast to our previous results [Davis and Smith. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 28): R1228-R1235, 1990], intake increased progressively on the real feeding and both types of sham feeding tests. We conclude that both gastric and postgastric stimuli act as a UCS for the acquired control of meal size.

Sham feeding experience produces a conditioned increase of meal size

Appetite ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. van Vort ◽  
G.P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Meal Size ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Feeding Experience

A Quantitative Study of the Gastric Secretory Response to Sham Feeding in a Human Subject

1950 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry D. Janowitz ◽  
Franklin Hollander ◽  
David Orringer ◽  
Milton H. Levy ◽  
Asher Winkelstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Secretory Response ◽  
Sham Feeding

Mandibular Protractions and Their Correlation with Meal Size in Juvenile Thai Snakes During Ingestion of Rodent Prey

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Merel J. Cox ◽  
David Chiszar ◽  
Hobart M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Rodent Prey

Nine neonatal and juvenile snakes, four vipers and five nonvipers, were fed rodent meals varying in size, expressed as percent of snake body weight. The number of mandibular protractions and the time to complete swallowing were recorded, with both measures increasing linearly as a function of meal size. These young snakes routinely swallowed meals that were 50% of body weight, and ranged up to 80%, far higher than meals reported by previous workers studying adult vipers (36.4%) and nonvipers (18.4%). Furthermore, the slopes of regressions relating mandibular protractions to meal size in all of our snakes were lower than comparable slopes for adult vipers or nonvipers. We hypothesized that the relatively long and wide skulls of young snakes (i.e., as proportion of body length) were responsible for these ingestive accomplishments, with negative allometric growth being responsible for performance changes during ontogeny.

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