Effect of consistency of reward during runway training on subsequent discrimination performance in rats.

1973 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gary Waller
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Runway Training ◽  
Subsequent Discrimination

Use of SAMe-TT₂R₂ Score to Predict the Quality of Anticoagulation Control in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Warfarin in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-552
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Time In Therapeutic Range ◽  
Anticoagulation Control

Objective: To predict the quality of anticoagulation control in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving warfarin in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The present study retrospectively recruited Thai AF patients receiving warfarin for three months or longer between June 2012 and December 2017 in Central Chest Institute of Thailand. The patients were classified into those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ of 2 or less, and 3 or more. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the proportion of the patients with poor time in therapeutic range (TTR) between the two groups of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics. Results: Ninety AF patients were enrolled. An average age was 69.89±10.04 years. Most patients were persistent AF. An average CHA₂DS₂-VASc, SAMe-TT₂R₂, and HAS-BLED score were 3.68±1.51, 3.26±0.88, and 1.98±0.85, respectively. The present study showed the increased proportion of AF patients with poor TTR with higher SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The AF patients with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 3 or more had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR than those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 2 or less with statistical significance when TTR was below 70% (p=0.03) and 65% (p=0.04), respectively. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics of 0.60, 0.59, and 0.55 when TTR was below 70%, 65% and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: Thai AF patients receiving warfarin had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR when the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was higher. The score of 3 or more could predict poor quality of anticoagulation control in those patients. Keywords: Time in therapeutic range, Poor quality of anticoagulation control, Warfarin, SAMe-TT₂R₂, Labile INR

scholarly journals Predictive value of CHA2DS2-VASc score combined with hs-CRP for new-onset atrial fibrillation in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Yuxia Pan ◽  
Yuanfeng Gao ◽  
Xinchun Yang ◽  
Mulei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Combined Model ◽  
Chads2 Score ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Onset Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
New Onset

Abstract Background New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is common during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and independently associated with worse prognosis. We aimed to validate the discrimination performance of CHA2DS2-VASc score combined with hs-CRP in the prediction of NOAF after AMI in elderly Chinese population. Methods 311 consecutive elderly patients (age ≥ 65 years old) with AMI from 1 January 2018 to 1 January 2019 without atrial fibrillation history were enrolled in our study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors of NOAF. The discrimination performance of different score models were evaluated using ROC curve analysis and AUCs were compared using the Z test. Results 30 (9.65%) patients developed NOAF during hospitalization. The NOAF group were older and had higher hs-CRP, initial Killip class, BNP, LAD, CHADS2 score, CHA2DS2-VASc score, in-hospital mortality and lower LVEF and ACEI/ARB use (P < 0.05 vs group without NOAF for all measures). In multivariate regression analyses, age (OR = 1.127, 95% CI 1.063–1.196, P < 0.001) and hs-CRP (OR = 1.034, 95% CI 1.018–1.05, P < 0.001) were independent predictors of NOAF. In ROC curve analyses, both CHADS2 score (AUC = 0.624, 95% CI 0.516–0.733, P = 0.026) and CHA2DS2-VASc score (AUC = 0.687, 95% CI 0.584–0.79, P = 0.001) had acceptable but unsatisfactory discrimination performance in predicting NOAF after AMI. The combined model with CHA2DS2-VASc score and hs-CRP showed a significant better predictive value (AUC = 0.791, 95% CI 0.692–0.891, P < 0.001) compared to that of the CHA2DS2-VASc score alone (Z test, P = 0.008). Conclusion The combined model with CHA2DS2-VASc score and hs-CRP had high accuracy in predicting post-AMI NOAF.

scholarly journals Circulating let-7e-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-28-3p, and miR-542-5p as a Promising microRNA Signature for the Detection of Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1493
Author(s):  
Camila Meirelles S. Silva ◽  
Mateus C. Barros-Filho ◽  
Deysi Viviana T. Wong ◽  
Julia Bette H. Mello ◽  
Livia Maria S. Nobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Colon Perforation ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high incidence and mortality. Colonoscopy is a gold standard among tests used for CRC traceability. However, serious complications, such as colon perforation, may occur. Non-invasive diagnostic procedures are an unmet need. We aimed to identify a plasma microRNA (miRNA) signature for CRC detection. Plasma samples were obtained from subjects (n = 109) at different stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. The patients were stratified into a non-cancer (27 healthy volunteers, 17 patients with hyperplastic polyps, 24 with adenomas), and a cancer group (20 CRC and 21 metastatic CRC). miRNAs (381) were screened by TaqMan Low-Density Array. A classifier based on four differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-28-3p, let-7e-5p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-542-5p) was able to discriminate cancer versus non-cancer cases. The overexpression of these miRNAs was confirmed by RT-qPCR, and a cross-study validation step was implemented using eight data series retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In addition, another external data validation using CRC surgical specimens from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was carried out. The predictive model’s performance in the validation set was 76.5% accuracy, 59.4% sensitivity, and 86.8% specificity (area under the curve, AUC = 0.716). The employment of our model in the independent publicly available datasets confirmed a good discrimination performance in five of eight datasets (median AUC = 0.823). Applying this algorithm to the TCGA cohort, we found 99.5% accuracy, 99.7% sensitivity, and 90.9% specificity (AUC = 0.998) when the model was applied to solid colorectal tissues. Overall, we suggest a novel signature of four circulating miRNAs, i.e., miR-28-3p, let-7e-5p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-542-5p, as a predictive tool for the detection of CRC.

scholarly journals EEG Correlates of Old/New Discrimination Performance Involving Abstract Figures and Non-Words

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Monika Toth ◽  
Anke Sambeth ◽  
Arjan Blokland
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Memory Strength ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
New Item

The processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar stimuli such as abstract figures and non-words is poorly understood. Here, we considered the role of memory strength in the discrimination process of such stimuli using a three-phase old/new recognition memory paradigm. Memory strength was manipulated as a function of the levels of processing (deep vs. shallow) and repetition. Behavioral results were matched to brain responses using EEG. We found that correct identification of the new abstract figures and non-words was superior to old item recognition when they were merely studied without repetition, but not when they were semantically processed or drawn. EEG results indicated that successful new item identification was marked by a combination of the absence of familiarity (N400) and recollection (P600) for the studied figures. For both the abstract figures and the non-words, the parietal P600 was found to differentiate between the old and new items (late old/new effects). The present study extends current knowledge on the processing of pre-experimentally unfamiliar figurative and verbal stimuli by showing that their discrimination depends on experimentally induced memory strength and that the underlying brain processes differ. Nevertheless, the P600, similar to pre-experimentally familiar figures and words, likely reflects improved recognition memory of meaningless pictorial and verbal items.

scholarly journals THE PERCEPTION OF ARABIC VOWEL DURATION BY L1 HEBREW SPEAKERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Yael Zaltz ◽  
Osnat Segal
Keyword(s):  
Training Session ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Arabic Speakers ◽  
Native Arabic Speakers ◽  
Phonological Contrasts ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Phonological System

Abstract The acquisition of a second language (L2) may be challenging in adulthood, as the phonological system of the native language (L1) can sometimes limit the perception of phonological contrasts in L2. The present study aimed to (a) examine the influence of an L1 (Hebrew) that lacks a phonemic contrast for vowel length on the ability to discriminate between short and long vowels in L2 (Arabic); and (b) assess the effect of a short training on the participants’ discrimination performance. A total of 60 participants, 20 native Arabic speakers and 40 native Hebrew speakers, were tested using the ABX procedure in two sessions that were 10 days apart. A single training session was provided for half of the Hebrew speakers (n = 20) approximately 2–3 days after the first (pretraining) testing session. The results indicated that the trained Hebrew participants’ discrimination levels (measured by accuracy and reaction times) were above chance level but were nevertheless lower in comparison to the Arabic speakers. However, a short training session was sufficient to yield a nativelike performance that generalized to untrained nonwords. These findings support the theoretical models that predict a reserved ability to acquire new phonetic/phonological cues in L2 and have important practical implications for the process of learning a new phonological system in adulthood.

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