Effects of bilateral hippocampectomy on the rabbit's acquisition of shuttle-box and passive-avoidance responses.

1970 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Papsdorf ◽  
Michael Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Avoidance Responses

What is Both Necessary and Sufficient to Maintain Avoidance Responding in the Shuttle Box?

1972 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Katzev
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Avoidance Training ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Training Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Avoidance Responses

To learn what maintains the frequency of shuttle box avoidance responses, male rats from the Berkeley S1 strain, after 200 trials of standard discriminative avoidance training, were given 100 additional trials under one of four different conditions. Responding at the maximum rate was maintained when animals performed under the training conditions or when responses continued to terminate the warning signal immediately, even though shock was never given for failing to respond. In contrast, avoidance responding was reduced markedly if, and only if, trials were given in which the signal ceased to terminate immediately (i.e. it shut off either well before or well after a response). This decrement occurred even though avoidance responses continued to avert shock. Thus, under the conditions of this experiment prompt signal offset was both necessary and sufficient to maintain the occurrence of well-established shuttle box avoidance responses.

Effects of Large and Small Bilateral Hippocampal Lesions on Two Types of Passive-Avoidance Responses

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1277-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Snyder ◽  
Robert L. Isaacson
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Passive Avoidance Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Small Compartment ◽  
Hippocampal Lesions ◽  
Avoidance Responses

Ten rats with large bilateral hippocampectomies, 10 rats with smaller amounts of damage of the dorsal hippocampus, 10 rats with destruction of postero-lateral neocortex, and 15 normal animals were trained in two types of passive-avoidance situations. One passive-avoidance task required inhibition of drinking while thirsty, the other required an animal to refrain from entering a small compartment after i: had been trained to enter, while hungry, for a food reward. Animals with the largest amounts of hippocampal destruction were impaired in both types of problems. Animals with smaller degrees of hippocampal damage were not different from normal animals in their ability to inhibit licking but were impaired in the other task. Animals with neocortical destruction showed impairment only in the licking situation.

Retention of Massed vs Distributed Response-Prevention Treatments in Rats and a Revised Training Procedure

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Martasian ◽  
Nelson F. Smith ◽  
Stephen A. Neill ◽  
Thomas S. Rieg
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Response Prevention ◽  
Escape Training ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Avoidance Apparatus

Two experiments were conducted to estimate the retention of response-prevention effects using massed vs distributed treatments in a model of animal avoidance-learning. In Exp. I, 120 rats were trained to avoid shock in a one-way platform avoidance apparatus. Groups received response-prevention treatment or nontreatment in a 36-min. massed session or in several sessions distributed over a four-day period. In Exp. II, 160 rats were given two trials of escape training in a one-way shuttle box. Groups received response-prevention treatment or nontreatment in a 24-min. session of massed or distributed treatments delivered in one day. Subjects in both studies were tested using a passive-avoidance paradigm immediately following treatment, 24 hours later, and 30 days later. Analysis showed that response-prevention treatments were effective in reducing avoidance behavior and there were no significant differences in retention of avoidance associated with massed vs distributed response-prevention treatments. Implications for animals and humans are discussed, and researchers are encouraged to change from a criterion training procedure to an escape procedure since the latter is a closer analogue to the human condition.

Effect of Chlorpromazine and Pentobarbital Upon Shock- and Fear-Motivated Behavior in Mice

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Iwasaki ◽  
Shinkuro Iwahara ◽  
Shin-Ichi Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Motor Deficit ◽  
Shuttle Box ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
Avoidance Responses

A dose level of pentobarbital was determined with mice that would produce as much motor deficit as produced in the escape runway under 2 mg/kg of CPZ in Exp. I. This was done to control motor deficit due to CPZ in Exp. II and III. A specific blocking effect of CPZ upon escape and avoidance responses occurred in mice in comparison with pentobarbital and saline with pole-climbing (Exp. II) and with the shuttle-box (Exp. III). The CPZ action was much clearer with the shuttle-box than with pole-climbing during extinction. The discrepancy was discussed in relation to the types of the movement involved and the differential difficulty of the learning problems.

Prolongation of latencies for passive avoidance responses in rats treated with aniracetam or piracetam

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsushi Yamada ◽  
Takato Inoue ◽  
Mariko Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuo Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Responses

Memory effect of caerulein and its analogs in active and passive avoidance responses in the rat

Peptides ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Itoh ◽  
Akira Takashima ◽  
Ken'ichi Igano ◽  
Ken Inouye
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
Avoidance Responses
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