Conditioning of vocal response differentiation in infants.

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald K. Routh
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Response ◽  
Response Differentiation

Response : Differentiation of Differing Concentrations of Sucrose and Glucose by Human Newborns

Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 193 (4259) ◽  
pp. 1267-1267
Author(s):  
Geoffrey H. Nowlis ◽  
William Kessen
Keyword(s):  
Response Differentiation

scholarly journals Testing the maintenance of natural responses to survival-relevant calls in the conservation breeding population of a critically endangered corvid (Corvus hawaiiensis)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C Sabol ◽  
Alison L Greggor ◽  
Bryce Masuda ◽  
Ronald R Swaisgood
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Alarm Call ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Vocal Behavior ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Human Care ◽  
Territorial Intrusion ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Individual Consistency ◽  
Conservation Breeding

Vocal communication serves an important role in driving animals' social interactions and ultimately their survival. However, natural vocal behavior can erode in human care. Determining if animals in conservation breeding programs exhibit and respond appropriately to species-specific vocalizations is therefore important for ensuring their survival post-release. We tested whether endangered 'alala (Corvus hawaiiensis), which are extinct in nature, have retained their natural responses to survival-relevant vocal calls. We conducted our studies on breeding populations derived from a small number of founding 'alala maintained in human care since their extinction in the wild in 2002. We presented pairs of 'alala with alarm, territorial intrusion, and two types of control playback calls (a non-threatening territorial maintenance call and a novel heterospecific call). 'Alala were significantly more likely to approach the speaker following alarm call playback than other call types, and were more likely to respond to territorial intrusion calls with the same aggressive territorial calls. Males were more likely to make these aggressive calls than females, mirroring their roles in territory defense. We also found individual consistency in the level of vocal behavior response across all call types, indicating that some individuals are more vocal than others. These results are encouraging, showing that 'alala exhibit relevant, species-specific behaviors despite generations under human care. It does illustrate, however, that all individuals do not respond uniformly, so vocal response may be an important factor to consider in determining the release suitability of individuals.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the development and expression of a preference for familiar vocal signals in songbirds

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0243811
Author(s):  
Tomoko G. Fujii ◽  
Maki Ikebuchi ◽  
Kazuo Okanoya
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Response ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Courtship Signal ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Production and perception of birdsong critically depends on early developmental experience. In species where singing is a sexually dimorphic trait, early life song experience may affect later behavior differently between sexes. It is known that both male and female songbirds acquire a life-long memory of early song experience, though its function remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that male and female birds express a preference for their fathers’ song, but do so differently depending on the developmental stage. We measured preference for their father’s song over an unfamiliar one in both male and female Bengalese finches at multiple time points across ontogeny, using phonotaxis and vocal response as indices of preference. We found that in males, selective approach to their father’s song decreased as they developed while in females, it remained stable regardless of age. This may correspond to a higher sensitivity to tutor song in young males while they are learning and a retained sensitivity in females because song is a courtship signal that is used throughout life. In addition, throughout development, males vocalized less frequently during presentation of their father’s song compared to unfamiliar song, whereas females emitted more calls to their father’s song. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of why songbirds acquire and maintain such a robust song memory.

Antiphonal exchanges in African elephants (Loxodonta africana): collective response to a shared stimulus, social facilitation, or true communicative event?

Behaviour ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Savage ◽  
Joseph Soltis ◽  
Katherine Leighty ◽  
Kirsten Leong
Keyword(s):  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Stimuli

AbstractFemale African elephants are thought to exchange 'rumble' vocalizations, but such temporally associated calls may not constitute communicative events. Affiliated females are more likely to engage in antiphonal calling, but affiliation is defined according to time spent in proximity. Affiliated partners may vocalize in sequence simply because their proximity causes them to collectively respond to shared external stimuli or due to a social facilitation effect. We used bi-variate and partial correlation analyses to test for the independent effects of the strength of the social relationship and distance between vocal partners on the likelihood of a vocal response. Female African elephants at Disney's Animal Kingdom were video-taped and outfitted with audio-recording collars that allowed for the individual identification of low-frequency rumbles. Affiliation had a strong influence on response likelihood, even after controlling for the effects of the distance between vocalizing partners. Further, the distance between vocalizing partners did not correlate with response likelihood, and factoring out the effects of affiliation did not significantly alter this result. These results suggest that rumble exchanges are communicative events that reflect social bonds, not simply artifacts of increased proximity and, therefore, provide support for functional hypotheses concerning rumble exchanges in wild African elephants.

Spectographic Analysis of Vocal Response to Pain Stimuli in Infants with Down's Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lind ◽  
V. Vuorenkoski ◽  
G. Rosberg ◽  
T. J. Partanen ◽  
O. Wasz-Höckert
Keyword(s):  
Down's Syndrome ◽  
Down’S Syndrome ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Pain Stimuli
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