Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions and changes in body weight and food consumption in male and female rats.

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verne C. Cox ◽  
Jan W. Kakolewski ◽  
Elliot S. Valenstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hypothalamic Lesions ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Subchronic Feeding Study of N,N-Dimethylformamide in Rats and Mice

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Becci ◽  
Kenneth A. Voss ◽  
William D. Johnson ◽  
Michael A. Gallo ◽  
John G. Babish
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
High Dosage Level ◽  
Related Increase

Wistar rats (25/ sex • group) and CD-1 mice (30/sex • group) were fed either a control diet or diet supplemented with N,N-dimethylformamide at the levels of 215, 750, and 2500 ppm for rats and 160,540, and 1850 ppm for mice. The duration of feeding was 104 days for rats and 119 days for mice. Body weight gain, food consumption, hematological and clinical chemical data, ophthalmic, gross, and microscopic examinations were used to study possible toxic or pathologic effects. A significant reduction in body weight gain was noted for male and female rats at the high dosage level. Food consumption in male rats at the high-dosage level and female rats at both the middle- and high-dosage levels was decreased. A significant dose-related increase in relative liver weights was noted in male and female rats. Absolute liver weights of male rats were comparable among groups, however, a dose-related increase was noted in female rats. No significant differences among groups were noted in body weight and food consumption data for mice. A significant dose-related increase in relative and absolute liver weights was noted in male and female mice. Histopathological evaluation revealed no evidence of a toxic effect related to feeding of N.N-dimethylformamide to Wistar rats and CD-1 mice. The increase in liver weight is considered to be a normal phenomenon (physiological adaptation) required for the biotransformation of N,N-dimethylformamide. The lack of hepatotoxicity in the present study may be the result of feeding N,N-dimethylf ormamide over waking hours versus bolus dosing (in other studies) in which hepatotoxicity was noted.

Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone Acetate on Metabolism, Body Weight and Composition of Male and Female Rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1977-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Tagliaferro ◽  
James R. Davis ◽  
Stephen Truchon ◽  
Nancy Van Hamont
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of a Traditional Polyherbal Unani Formulation Jawarish Shahi in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Mohd Urooj ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Ahmed Khan ◽  
G. Thejaswini ◽  
Munawwar Husain Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Dose Levels

Jawarish Shahi (JS) is a compound polyherbal Unani pharmacopoeial formulation indicated for Khafqan (Palpitation), Nafkh-e-Shikam (Flatulence) and Waswas (Insanity; false perception and hallucinations). Jawarish Shahi contains herbs like Halela (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis), Kishneez (Coriandrum sativum), Elaichi Khurd, (Elettaria cardamomum), and Bed Mushk (Salix caprea). The present study was carried out as per OECD 408 guidance to evaluate 90 days repeated oral dose toxicity in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. The study was performed at dose levels 1028 and 2000 mg/kg bw. No adverse effects were reported with respect to body weight, feed intake, behavior and clinical signs indicative of systemic toxicity. The expected growth pattern was observed in body weight and feed intake as compared to control group at both dose levels in male and female rats. There were few significant alterations with respect to hematology, and clinical biochemistry, however the results were within normal range thus considered toxicologically insignificant. The microscopic examination of different organ/tissue showed that no histopathological changes were observed. The findings of the study showed that No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for JS is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight

scholarly journals The effects of novelty on food consumption in male and female rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 112970
Author(s):  
Eliza M. Greiner ◽  
Gorica D. Petrovich
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Effect of chronic infusion of olanzapine and clozapine on food intake and body weight gain in male and female rats

Life Sciences ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1024-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
SuJean Choi ◽  
Briana DiSilvio ◽  
JayLynn Unangst ◽  
John D. Fernstrom
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Chronic Infusion

scholarly journals Effects of lifelong intervention with an oligofructose-enriched inulin in rats on general health and lifespan

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Rozan ◽  
Amine Nejdi ◽  
Sophie Hidalgo ◽  
Jean-François Bisson ◽  
Didier Desor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
And Biological Markers

Ageing is associated with changes in physiology and morphology; nutritional strategies to decrease morbidity and to prolong life are of high interest. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of lifelong supplementation with an oligofructose-enriched inulin on morphological and biological markers and lifespan in male and female rats. Male and female rats, age 3 months, were randomised into two groups to receive either a diet with 10 % of an oligofructose-enriched inulin (Synergy1) or a standard diet (control) for 27 months. The rats were weighed every 2 weeks and their food intake was evaluated on four successive days every 4–6 weeks. Samples were taken at 12, 18 and 24 months of age. During the whole intervention period, male rats receiving Synergy1 (SYN1-M) displayed lower body weight, cholesterol and plasma triacylglycerolaemia compared with the controls (Cont-M). The survival rate at 24 months of age of SYN1-M rats was 35·3 % greater than that of Cont-M rats. In female rats, the Synergy1 supplementation (SYN1-F) group also reduced body weight, cholesterol and triacylglycerolaemia levels, but results were less consistent over the experiment. The survival rate at 24 months of age in SYN1-F rats was 33·3 % greater compared with that of the control (Cont-F) group. To conclude, lifelong intervention with Synergy1 improved biological markers during ageing and survival rate (lifespan) of rats.

Comparison of the acute hematotoxicity of 2-butoxyethanol in male and female F344 rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
B I Ghanayem ◽  
S M Ward ◽  
B Chanas ◽  
A Nyska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Butoxyacetic Acid ◽  
F344 Rats

Administration of 2-butoxyethanol (BE) to rodents causes acute hemolytic anemia, and metabolic activation of BE to butoxyacetic acid (BAA) is required for the development of this effect. Recent studies have shown that female rats treated with BE exhibit a variety of histopathologic lesions that are absent in males and many of these lesions are attributed to the hemolytic effects of BE. Current studies were designed to compare the acute hematotoxicity of BE in male and female F344 rats. Rats were treated with 250 mg BE/kg body weight or water (control; 5 ml/kg) by gavage. At 4, 8, or 24 h after dosing, rats were anesthetized, blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and various blood parameters were measured. BE resulted in a time-dependent swelling of erythrocytes as evidenced by an early increase in hematocrit (Hct) and mean cell volume (MCV) in male rats. In contrast, increased Hct in female rats did not accompany an increase in MCV. It is likely that hemolysis was so severe at 4 h that Hct exhibited a decline in female rats at that time point. Subsequently, red blood cell (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), and Hct declined as hemolysis progressed. However, the onset of BE-induced hemolysis was faster in female compared to male rats. These effects were also associated with a significant increase in the spleen weight to body weight ratio. Blood smears were also prepared and morphological changes evaluated by light microscopy included stomatocytosis, spherocytosis, and schistocytosis. Furthermore, aggregation of RBCs in female rats as evidenced by increased formation of rouleaux was observed at 24 h after BE administration. These effects were observed earlier and more frequently in female rats. No differences in the sensitivity of RBCs obtained from male and female rats and exposed to butoxyacetic acid (BAA) in vitro was observed as determined by measuring the packed cell volume. In conclusion, these data suggest that female rats are more sensitive to hemolysis and morphological alterations of erythrocytes induced by BE during the first 24 h after exposure compared to males. It is likely that the greater sensitivity of female rats to BE effects on RBCs may account for the reported development of thrombosis and tissue infarction in female rats.

Sex Differences in Body-Weight Change following Gonadectomy of Rats

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan W. Kakolewski ◽  
Verne C. Cox ◽  
Elliot S. Valenstein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hypothalamic Damage

Data are presented to demonstrate that the effects of gonadectomy on body weight and food consumption differ in male and female rats. The findings are related to the authors' report of sex differences in the effects of ventromedial hypothalamic damage. A review of the literature on the relationship of the gonads to body weight in different species is presented.

Variation in the size and position of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) within the rat intestine

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1091-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Mettrick ◽  
Lorna C. Dunkley
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pyloric Sphincter ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Data on the dry weight of 410 worms from both male and female rats is shown not to differ significantly from the normal (Gaussian) frequency distribution. This finding justified the use of statistics based on this function.Host body weight is shown to have a highly significant (P < 0.01) effect upon worm dry weight. The heavier the rat, the smaller the worms. An experimental design taking rat body weight into consideration is shown to be up to 36% more efficient in demonstrating differences between groups than one that ignores this source of variation. The point of scolex attachment behind the pyloric sphincter also has a significant effect (P < 0.05) upon worm dry weight. The nearer the scolex is to the stomach, the smaller the worm.The distribution of worm biomass in the intestine does not follow a normal (Gaussian) frequency, but is both asymmetrical (P < 0.001) and flattened (P < 0.001). Over 50% of the parasite biomass lies within the second quarter of the intestine. The distribution of the median points of worm strobilae in the rat intestine is also asymmetrical (P < 0.01) with a peak in the zone which represents a distance of 30–35% from the stomach.The migration of H. diminuta within the rat intestine results in the greater part of the parasite body lying in the second quarter of the intestine. The median points of the strobilae are concentrated at the junction of the first and second quarters of the intestine. This region of the rat intestine appears to offer the optimum site for the growth of H. diminuta.

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