A test of a discrimination hypothesis of secondary reinforcement.

1965 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Myers ◽  
Jerome L. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Discrimination Hypothesis

Secondary Reinforcement and the Discrimination Hypothesis: The Role of Discrimination Training

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Paige ◽  
H. J. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Discrimination Hypothesis

The purposes of this experiment are further investigation of: the discrimination hypothesis vs secondary reinforcement positions with respect to resistance to extinction; the role of explicit vs non-explicit discrimination training in resistance to extinction. One group of 32 rats was given explicit discrimination training in an L-type runway involving two goal boxes of different brightness. A second group of 32 Ss had non-explicit discrimination training, i.e., an unfastened card in the goal box entrances concealed the cues until S entered the goal box. Ss were always reinforced in the goal box of one brightness and never reinforced in the goal box of the other brightness. During extinction 16 Ss in each of the above groups were extinguished with the positive cue and 16 with the negative cue. Half of these positive cue and negative cue Ss encountered a card in the goal box entrance, and the rest did not. The results showed no significant difference in alley-running or arm-running times in extinction between the positive and negative cue Ss. Using number of trials to a criterion of two successive running times, Ss extinguished with the positive cue showed greater resistance to extinction. The type of discrimination training did not influence extinction results significantly, using running time or number of trials as a criterion. The results were interpreted as generally incompatible with the discrimination hypothesis prediction and only partially in support of a secondary reinforcement position.

Extinction of a Discrete-Trial Bar-Press as a Function of Percentage Reinforcement, Reinforcement Cue, and Manipulandum Condition

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Porter ◽  
Rosemary Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Discrete Trial ◽  
Sucrose Reward ◽  
Percentage Reinforcement ◽  
Discrimination Hypothesis

6 groups of 12 albino rats received 80 acquisition trials, defined as 12 bar-presses, with sucrose reward. Two groups received 100% reward; four groups received 50% reward, half with a dipper click on all trials (50C), half with a dipper click only when reinforced (50C-NC). 3 of the 6 groups had the bar present during the ITI, 3 did not. During extinction half of each group received the dipper click, half did not. During extinction the 50C-NC groups were significantly more resistant to extinction than the other 100% and 50% groups, which did not differ significantly. Results were discussed in terms of a discrimination hypothesis of secondary reinforcement.

Secondary Reinforcement and the Discrimination Hypothesis

1953 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Bitterman ◽  
W. E. Feddersen ◽  
D. W. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Discrimination Hypothesis

scholarly journals Effect of rice husk (treated/untreated) and rice husk ash on fracture toughness of epoxy bio-composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Neeraj Bisht ◽  
Prakash Chandra Gope
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Secondary Reinforcement ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Particle Reinforcement ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Fibre Treatment

AbstractPresent work studies the effect of particle reinforcement on fracture toughness of bio-composites. The filler used has been taken as rice husk. Epoxy resin has been taken as matrix material. Composites with varying filler loading of 10, 20, 30 and 40 wt.% were fabricated. The fracture toughness was seen to be increasing with increase in filler loading. However beyond 20% there was a decrease in fracture toughness with increase in filler loading. The effect of fibre treatment on toughness was also observed. Rice husk fibres pre-treated with NaOH were used. It was observed that fracture toughness further improved due to treatment. The increase in fracture toughness was significant. Fracture toughness increased from 1.072 to 2.7465 MPa√mm for 20% reinforcement and after treatment it increased to 2.876 MPa√mm. It was observed that concentration of treatment media also affects the fracture toughness. Further the effect of hybridization was observed by addition of rice husk ash as a secondary reinforcement. The fracture toughness of the resulting composites was remarkably higher than that of pure epoxy.

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