Examining the relationship between group member gender, gender composition, and outcomes of weight management therapy groups.

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Martin Kivlighan ◽  
Gianluca Lo Coco ◽  
Salvatore Gullo ◽  
Chiara Pazzagli ◽  
Claudia Mazzeschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Member

scholarly journals Remuneration Committees’ Gender Composition as a Determinant of Executive Board Compensation Structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Job Borrenbergs ◽  
Rui Vieira ◽  
Georgios Georgakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Inequality Aversion ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Female Presence ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between the gender composition of firms’ remuneration committees and the relative weight of variable monetary compensation in these firms’ top executives’ compensation packages. Previous archival research into executive compensation has mainly relied on agency theory, managerial power theory and tournament models to construct its theoretical frameworks. However, both psychological and corporate governance-related research concerning gender differences in, for instance, risk- and inequality-aversion, suggest that the gender variable should be included in the academic debate on executive compensation.Controlling for size, industry, and corporate governance variables, this paper uses simple least squares analysis to regress measures of the relative weight of variable compensation against measures of female presence in remuneration committees, in a sample of 25 806 fiscal year/executive combinations. This regression is repeated in a multilevel model that controls for firm fixed effects in a sample of 9048 fiscal year / executive combinations. The results indicate that a female presence in the remuneration committee is negatively associated with the relative weight of the annual bonus in top executives’ compensation contracts.

Processes That Mediate the Relationship Between a Group Goal and Group Member Performance

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie R. Weingart ◽  
Elizabeth Weldon
Keyword(s):  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Member

“How do you like them now?” Expected reactions upon discovering that a friend is a political out-group member

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 2779-2801
Author(s):  
Elena Buliga ◽  
Cara MacInnis
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Close Friend ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Political Identification ◽  
Maintenance Behaviors ◽  
Group Memberships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Member

Republican or Democrat participants imagined how they would respond upon learning about the political group membership of a potential or established friend. Four vignettes (friend political in-group; friend political out-group; potential friend political in-group; potential friend political out-group) were presented in a random order. After each, participants provided expected reactions. Overall, reactions (e.g., hope of the relationship lasting, intentions to engage in friendship maintenance behaviors, trust) were most positive toward the established in-group friend, followed by potential in-group friend, then the established out-group friend, and lastly the potential out-group friend. That is, participants expected to be more positive toward a person they just met than an established close friend, simply due to knowing these individuals’ political group memberships. Some of these differences were moderated by intergroup attitudes or political identification. Discoveries of political group membership may influence the development or maintenance of friendships.

Prejudice and Religion

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanda van der Noll
Keyword(s):  
Belief System ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Denomination ◽  
Cognitive Dimension ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Religious Worldview ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Aspects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Member

Many studies have established that religious people display higher levels of prejudice. The review of the literature suggests, however, that in order to understand the relationship between religion and prejudice, it is important to consider the target of prejudice as well as the multifaceted nature of religion. Regarding the target of prejudice, some prejudices may be condemned in religious communities, whereas others may be perceived to be promoted by religious communities. Religion as a multifaceted construct encompasses social, moral, cognitive, and emotional aspects. In its relations with prejudice, the social and cognitive dimension are particularly relevant, as these dimensions determine who is considered to be an in-group member and what constitutes a threat to the own religious worldview. Furthermore, it has also been shown that the exposure to religious concepts influences prejudicial reactions. Finally, a review of the studies conducted outside the context of white Christians in North America and Europe shows that, regardless of social context and religious denomination, prejudice can to a large extent be explained by perceptions of threat, for example, to one’s belief system, which may especially be important for religious people.

ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS KELOMPOK TANI DI DESA PULAU TENGAH KECAMATAN JANGKAT KABUPATEN MERANGIN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etria Hayanti ◽  
Evo Afrianto ◽  
Isyaturriyadhah Isyaturriyadhah
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Group Productivity ◽  
High Category ◽  
Group Homogeneity ◽  
Leadership Group ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Group Member

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas kelompok tani, tingkat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas kelompok tani  dan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas kelompok tani dengan tingkat efektivitas kelompok tani di Desa Pulau Tengah Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin.                Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini  untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas kelompok tani dan tingkat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas kelompok tani di Desa Pulau Tengah Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif melalui scoring dengan menggunakan Skala Likert. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas kelompok tani dengan tingkat efektivitas kelompok tani di Desa Pulau Tengah Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin, dianalisis secara statistik non parametrik dengan megunakan Uji Koefisien Rank Spearman.                Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efektivitas kelompok tani di Desa Pulau Tengah Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin menunjukkan berada dalam kategori tinggi yaitu produktivitas kelompok, kepuasaan anggota kelompok, semangat kelompok. Dan tingkat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas kelompok tani menunjukkan dalam kategori tinggi yaitu kepemimpinan kelompok, kehomogenan kelompok, waktu pertemuan kelompok, fungsi tugas kelompok, tingkat penguasaan materi oleh PPL (Penyuluh Pertanian Lapangan). Sedangkan hubungan antara tingkat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektitas kelompok tani dengan tingkat efektivitas kelompok tani menunjukkan hubungan positif dimana  ada hubungan antara tingkat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas kelompok tani dengan tingkat efektivitas kelompok tani di Desa Pulau Tengah Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin.Kata Kunci : Efektivitas, Kelompok Tani. ABSTRACT                 This study was conducted to determine the level of effectiveness of farmer groups, the level of factors that affect the effectiveness of farmer groups and to determine the relationship between the level of factors that affect the effectiveness of farmer groups with the level of effectiveness of farmer groups in Pulau Tengah Village, Jangkat District, Merangin District.                The research method in this study was to determine the level of effectiveness of farmer groups and the level of factors that influence the effectiveness of farmer groups in Pulau Tengah Village, Jangkat District, Merangin District, which was carried out by descriptive analysis through scoring using a Likert Scale. Meanwhile, to find out the relationship between the level of factors that influence the effectiveness of farmer groups and the level of effectiveness of farmer groups in Pulau Tengah Village, Jangkat District, Merangin District, statistically non-parametric analysis using Spearman Rank Coefficient Test.                The results showed that the level of effectiveness of farmer groups in Pulau Tengah Village, Jangkat District, Merangin District showed that they were in the high category of group productivity, group member satisfaction, group spirit. And the level of factors that influence the effectiveness of farmer groups shows in the high category of group leadership, group homogeneity, group meeting time, group task function, level of mastery of the material by PPL (Field Agricultural Extension). While the relationship between the level of factors that affect the effectiveness of farmer groups with the level of effectiveness of farmer groups shows a positive relationship where there is a relationship between the level of factors that affect the effectiveness of farmer groups with the level of effectiveness of farmer groups in Pulau Tengah Village, Jangkat District, Merangin District.Keywords: Effectiveness, Farmer Group.

The Effects of Parental Age and Sibling Configurations on Family Environment and Academic Achievement of Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Shields ◽  
Christine Hanneke
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Ordinal Position ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Sibship Size ◽  
Quality Of Relationships ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

In this study, we draw from the literature on sibling configurations and parental age to investigate the effects of these factors on the academic achievement of children. The study investigates the effects of maternal age at first birth, maternal age when the respondent was born, and father's age when the respondent was born on ACT scores, grade point averages over three years, and whether or not the parents are providing financial aid to their students. We examine the effects of sibship size, ordinal position, and gender composition of the sibship on these same variables. The study also investigates the extent to which the relationship between parental age and academic outcomes is linear. The relationship of sibship size, ordinal position, and gender composition on the quality of relationships with parents is investigated. Using a sample of freshmen at a mid-western university, we find consistent positive effects of parental age on high school and early college achievement, as well as consistent negative birth order effects on achievement at the high school level. Students with older parents and fewer older siblings consistently performed better. Sibship size and the proportion of females in the sibship had no effect on academic outcomes. Using self-reported data from children on a childhood measure of parental support and interaction and quality of relationships with parents during late adolescence, we also investigate the impact of parental age at birth, and sibling characteristics on childhood and adolescent family environment. Ordinal position had a significant positive effect on the quality of relationships with parents during adolescence, and sibship size had a significant negative effect. We find a curvilinear effect for paternal age on childhood support and parental involvement, but not for academic achievement or quality of relationships with parents in late adolescence. Parental education had a positive significant impact on childhood support and involvement. Children from larger sibships and who were later born children were less likely to receive financial aid from their parents. The results are discussed as they relate to the literature on parental age and sibling configurations, and in terms of their implications for student retention and success.

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