The impact of uncertain threat on affective bias: Individual differences in response to ambiguity.

Emotion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maital Neta ◽  
Julie Cantelon ◽  
Zachary Haga ◽  
Caroline R. Mahoney ◽  
Holly A. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Affective Bias ◽  
The Impact

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Just Like Leaves in the Wind? Exploring the Effect of the Interplay of Media Coverage and Personal Characteristics on Issue Salience

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agatha Kratz ◽  
Harald Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the effect of the interplay of personal characteristics and news coverage on issue salience during the 2009 to 2015 period and during the election campaign in 2013. We selected four topics that played a considerable role during this period: the labor market, pensions and healthcare, immigration, and the financial crisis. The evidence from pooled cross-sectional data and panel data supports the notion that news coverage affects citizens’ issue salience. For obtrusive issues, news coverage does not play as large a role as for rather remote topics like the financial crisis and immigration. The results also lend credence to the idea that political predilections and other individual differences are related to issue salience and constrain the impact of news coverage on voters’ issue salience. However, the evidence for the interplay of individual differences and media coverage proved mild at best.

Predictors of Positive Psychological Capital: An Attempt Among the Teacher Communities in Rural Jharkhand, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 0258042X2199101
Author(s):  
Mukti Clarence ◽  
Viju P. D. ◽  
Lalatendu Kesari Jena ◽  
Tony Sam George
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Positive Psychological Capital ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In the recent times, researchers have shown an increased interest in positive psychological capital (PsyCap). However, it is acknowledged that due to the limited number of studies conducted on the antecedents of psychological capital, there is a lack of sufficient data for conclusively proving the antecedents of PsyCap. Consequently, this article aims to explore the potential antecedents of PsyCap as a reliable source of data in the context of rural school teachers. The focus is to investigate both the individual differences and the contextual factors as desirable variables that constitute PsyCap among the school teachers of rural Jharkhand, India. Samples of 1,120 respondents from different rural schools were collected and analysed with Structural Equation Modeling (AMOS 20.0). The findings of the study explained that both the individual differences ( proactive personality and emotional intelligence) and the contextual factors ( perceived organizational support, servant leadership and meaningful work) have a positive relationship with PsyCap. The impact of PsyCap on teacher performance can form the basis for further research on the subject. JEL Codes: M12, M53

The relationship between university EFL teachers’ oral feedback beliefs and practices and the impact of individual differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dogan Yuksel ◽  
Adem Soruç ◽  
Jim McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Special Training ◽  
Teachers Beliefs ◽  
Efl Teachers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study investigated Turkish EFL teachers’ beliefs and practices about the aspects of oral corrective feedback (OCF). It explored the impact of individual differences, namely educational background, special training, and teaching experience, on the relationship between the beliefs and practices. Data on teachers’ practices were collected via 153 h of classroom observations from 51 Turkish EFL teachers at two different universities, and teachers’ beliefs were gathered by a task about OCF. The results showed that teachers’ beliefs and practices were consistent on the aspects of perceived effectiveness, grammatical errors, implicit and explicit feedback. However, their beliefs and practices were inconsistent regarding lexical, phonological errors, and timing of OCF. The results also revealed that of the three individual differences, teaching experience most impacted the consistency between beliefs and practices, thus showing the greater role of teaching experience over special training and educational background on the consistency between beliefs and practices about OCF.

The impact of individual differences on multitasking ability

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1319
Author(s):  
Derek E. Crews ◽  
Molly J. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Employee Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Initial Task ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Additional Task ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe study's purpose was to explore the impact of multitasking on efficiency and accuracy and the relationship between individual differences and multitasking ability.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental study was conducted with individuals that completed an in-box exercise and a personality assessment. Three groups were established as follows: those that completed the in-box exercise without interruption (control group), those that were given a portion of the same initial task but were then interrupted and given an additional task (low multitask group) and those that were given the same initial tasks, then interrupted three times (high multitask group).FindingsThe results show that there were significant effects of gender and age on multitasking efficiency. Females made fewer errors than males. Younger and older participants took more time to complete the experiment, which indicates an inverted U relationship and may mean that people become more effective at multitasking with experience and practice, but then less effective as they get older. The study also found that personality had no significant effect on multitasking efficiency.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited in that the sample was 91 percent female, did not include anyone over the age of 51 and did not measure intelligence or experience.Practical implicationsThe findings may have implications for employee training, evaluation and formulation of workplace standards and regulations.Orginality/valueThis study provides empirical research extending the understanding of the nature and impact of multitasking and individual differences based on gender, age and personality.

scholarly journals A Multiscale Review of Behavioral Variation in Collective Foraging Behavior in Honey Bees

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie J. Lemanski ◽  
Chelsea N. Cook ◽  
Brian H. Smith ◽  
Noa Pinter-Wollman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Collective Behavior ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Model System ◽  
Bee Foraging ◽  
Collective Foraging ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of collective behavior from local interactions is a widespread phenomenon in social groups. Previous models of collective behavior have largely overlooked the impact of variation among individuals within the group on collective dynamics. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) provide an excellent model system for exploring the role of individual differences in collective behavior due to their high levels of individual variation and experimental tractability. In this review, we explore the causes and consequences of individual variation in behavior for honey bee foraging across multiple scales of organization. We summarize what is currently known about the genetic, developmental, and neurophysiological causes of individual differences in learning and memory among honey bees, as well as the consequences of this variation for collective foraging behavior and colony fitness. We conclude with suggesting promising future directions for exploration of the genetic and physiological underpinnings of individual differences in behavior in this model system.

Variation in optimal human mating strategies: Effects of individual differences in competence and self-regulatory mechanisms

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Alley
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Mating Strategy ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Behavioral Competence ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Strategic Pluralism ◽  
Human Mating ◽  
The Impact

Several suggestions are made for revision of Strategic Pluralism Theory (SPT). One revision requires recognition of the impact of individual differences in cognitive and behavioral competence on optimal mating strategy. In addition, SPT may need to incorporate certain self-regulatory processes such as the impact of widespread valuation of mates with one trait on their availability.

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