Supplemental Material for No Impact of Affective Person Knowledge on Visual Awareness: Evidence From Binocular Rivalry and Continuous Flash Suppression

Emotion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression

No impact of affective person knowledge on visual awareness: Evidence from binocular rivalry and continuous flash suppression.

Emotion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1199-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Stein ◽  
Caitlyn Grubb ◽  
Maria Bertrand ◽  
Seh Min Suh ◽  
Sara C. Verosky
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression

scholarly journals Single units and conscious vision

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1377) ◽  
pp. 1801-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
N. K. Logothetis
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Multistable Perception ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Psychophysical Studies

Figures that can be seen in more than one way are invaluable tools for the study of the neural basis of visual awareness, because such stimuli permit the dissociation of the neural responses that underlie what we perceive at any given time from those forming the sensory representation of a visual pattern. To study the former type of responses, monkeys were subjected to binocular rivalry, and the response of neurons in a number of different visual areas was studied while the animals reported their alternating percepts by pulling levers. Perception–related modulations of neural activity were found to occur to different extents in different cortical visual areas. The cells that were affected by suppression were almost exclusively binocular, and their proportion was found to increase in the higher processing stages of the visual system. The strongest correlations between neural activity and perception were observed in the visual areas of the temporal lobe. A strikingly large number of neurons in the early visual areas remained active during the perceptual suppression of the stimulus, a finding suggesting that conscious visual perception might be mediated by only a subset of the cells exhibiting stimulus selective responses. These physiological findings, together with a number of recent psychophysical studies, offer a new explanation of the phenomenon of binocular rivalry. Indeed, rivalry has long been considered to be closely linked with binocular fusion and stereopsis, and the sequences of dominance and suppression have been viewed as the result of competition between the two monocular channels. The physiological data presented here are incompatible with this interpretation. Rather than reflecting interocular competition, the rivalry is most probably between the two different central neural representations generated by the dichoptically presented stimuli. The mechanisms of rivalry are probably the same as, or very similar to, those underlying multistable perception in general, and further physiological studies might reveal a much about the neural mechanisms of our perceptual organization.

scholarly journals Conscious perception of flickering stimuli in binocular rivalry and continuous flash suppression is not affected by tACS-induced SSR modulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Schauer ◽  
Carolina Yuri Ogawa ◽  
Naotsugu Tsuchiya ◽  
Andreas Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Conscious Perception ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression ◽  
Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation ◽  
Steady State Responses ◽  
State Responses ◽  
Flicker Stimulus

AbstractThe content of conscious perception is known to correlate with steady-state responses (SSRs), yet their causal relationship remains unclear. Can we manipulate conscious perception by directly interfering with SSRs through transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)? Here, we directly addressed this question in three experiments involving binocular rivalry and continuous flash suppression (CFS). Specifically, while participants (N=24) viewed either binocular rivalry or tried to detect stimuli masked by CFS, we applied sham or real tACS across parieto-occipital cortex at either the same or a different frequency and phase as an SSR eliciting flicker stimulus. We found that tACS did not differentially affect conscious perception in the forms of predominance, CFS detection accuracy, reaction time, or metacognitive sensitivity, confirmed by Bayesian statistics. We conclude that tACS application at frequencies of stimulus-induced SSRs does not have perceptual effects and that SSRs may be epiphenomenal to conscious perception.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in the Tendency to See the Expected

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Andermane ◽  
Jenny Bosten ◽  
Anil Seth ◽  
Jamie Ward
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Perceptual Anomalies ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Attentional Mechanism

Prior knowledge has been shown to facilitate the incorporation of visual stimuli into awareness. We adopted an individual differences approach to explore whether a tendency to ‘see the expected’ is general or method-specific. We administered a binocular rivalry task and manipulated selective attention, as well as induced expectations via predictive context, self-generated imagery, expectancy cues, and perceptual priming. Most prior manipulations led to a facilitated awareness of the biased percept in binocular rivalry, whereas strong signal primes led to a suppressed awareness, i.e., adaptation. Correlations and factor analysis revealed that the facilitatory effect of priors on visual awareness is closely related to attentional control. We also investigated whether expectation-based biases predict perceptual abilities. Adaptation to strong primes predicted improved naturalistic change detection and the facilitatory effect of weak primes predicted the experience of perceptual anomalies. Taken together, our results indicate that the facilitatory effect of priors may be underpinned by an attentional mechanism but the tendency to ‘see the expected’ is method-specific.

Binocular rivalry and visual awareness

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 407-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Awareness

scholarly journals Fluctuations of visual awareness: Combining motion-induced blindness with binocular rivalry

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jaworska ◽  
Martin Lages
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Awareness

scholarly journals Real-world regularities facilitate visual awareness of objects under continuous flash suppression

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Timo Stein ◽  
Daniel Kaiser ◽  
Marius Peelen
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression
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