scholarly journals Fluctuations of visual awareness: Combining motion-induced blindness with binocular rivalry

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jaworska ◽  
Martin Lages
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Awareness

No impact of affective person knowledge on visual awareness: Evidence from binocular rivalry and continuous flash suppression.

Emotion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1199-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Stein ◽  
Caitlyn Grubb ◽  
Maria Bertrand ◽  
Seh Min Suh ◽  
Sara C. Verosky
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Continuous Flash Suppression

scholarly journals Single units and conscious vision

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1377) ◽  
pp. 1801-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
N. K. Logothetis
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Binocular Fusion ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Multistable Perception ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Psychophysical Studies

Figures that can be seen in more than one way are invaluable tools for the study of the neural basis of visual awareness, because such stimuli permit the dissociation of the neural responses that underlie what we perceive at any given time from those forming the sensory representation of a visual pattern. To study the former type of responses, monkeys were subjected to binocular rivalry, and the response of neurons in a number of different visual areas was studied while the animals reported their alternating percepts by pulling levers. Perception–related modulations of neural activity were found to occur to different extents in different cortical visual areas. The cells that were affected by suppression were almost exclusively binocular, and their proportion was found to increase in the higher processing stages of the visual system. The strongest correlations between neural activity and perception were observed in the visual areas of the temporal lobe. A strikingly large number of neurons in the early visual areas remained active during the perceptual suppression of the stimulus, a finding suggesting that conscious visual perception might be mediated by only a subset of the cells exhibiting stimulus selective responses. These physiological findings, together with a number of recent psychophysical studies, offer a new explanation of the phenomenon of binocular rivalry. Indeed, rivalry has long been considered to be closely linked with binocular fusion and stereopsis, and the sequences of dominance and suppression have been viewed as the result of competition between the two monocular channels. The physiological data presented here are incompatible with this interpretation. Rather than reflecting interocular competition, the rivalry is most probably between the two different central neural representations generated by the dichoptically presented stimuli. The mechanisms of rivalry are probably the same as, or very similar to, those underlying multistable perception in general, and further physiological studies might reveal a much about the neural mechanisms of our perceptual organization.

scholarly journals Individual Differences in the Tendency to See the Expected

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Andermane ◽  
Jenny Bosten ◽  
Anil Seth ◽  
Jamie Ward
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Facilitatory Effect ◽  
Strong Signal ◽  
Perceptual Anomalies ◽  
Perceptual Abilities ◽  
Attentional Mechanism

Prior knowledge has been shown to facilitate the incorporation of visual stimuli into awareness. We adopted an individual differences approach to explore whether a tendency to ‘see the expected’ is general or method-specific. We administered a binocular rivalry task and manipulated selective attention, as well as induced expectations via predictive context, self-generated imagery, expectancy cues, and perceptual priming. Most prior manipulations led to a facilitated awareness of the biased percept in binocular rivalry, whereas strong signal primes led to a suppressed awareness, i.e., adaptation. Correlations and factor analysis revealed that the facilitatory effect of priors on visual awareness is closely related to attentional control. We also investigated whether expectation-based biases predict perceptual abilities. Adaptation to strong primes predicted improved naturalistic change detection and the facilitatory effect of weak primes predicted the experience of perceptual anomalies. Taken together, our results indicate that the facilitatory effect of priors may be underpinned by an attentional mechanism but the tendency to ‘see the expected’ is method-specific.

Binocular rivalry and visual awareness

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 407-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Awareness

scholarly journals Regulating the Access to Awareness: Brain Activity Related to Probe-related and Spontaneous Reversals in Binocular Rivalry

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Metzger ◽  
Kyle E. Mathewson ◽  
Evelina Tapia ◽  
Monica Fabiani ◽  
Gabriele Gratton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Stimulus Change ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Per Se

Research on the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) has implicated an assortment of brain regions, ERP components, and network properties associated with visual awareness. Recently, the P3b ERP component has emerged as a leading NCC candidate. However, typical P3b paradigms depend on the detection of some stimulus change, making it difficult to separate brain processes elicited by the stimulus itself from those associated with updates or changes in visual awareness. Here we used binocular rivalry to ask whether the P3b is associated with changes in awareness even in the absence of changes in the object of awareness. We recorded ERPs during a probe-mediated binocular rivalry paradigm in which brief probes were presented over the image in either the suppressed or dominant eye to determine whether the elicited P3b activity is probe or reversal related. We found that the timing of P3b (but not its amplitude) was closely related to the timing of the report of a perceptual change rather than to the onset of the probe. This is consistent with the proposal that P3b indexes updates in conscious awareness, rather than being related to stimulus processing per se. Conversely, the probe-related P1 amplitude (but not its latency) was associated with reversal latency, suggesting that the degree to which the probe is processed increases the likelihood of a fast perceptual reversal. Finally, the response-locked P3b amplitude (but not its latency) was associated with the duration of an intermediate stage between reversals in which parts of both percepts coexist (piecemeal period). Together, the data suggest that the P3b reflects an update in consciousness and that the intensity of that process (as indexed by P3b amplitude) predicts how immediate that update is.

scholarly journals Quantifying Consciousness: Electrophysiological Perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
Global Consciousness ◽  
Brain Energy

In this article, we try to track the neuroelectrical signal from its inception until it signals the human visual awareness through what we called, neurobiological wires to consciousness. We also provide a fulsome electrophysiological metric, namely, brain energy wishing for better quantification to the human global consciousness. Based on the literature review, this metric is expected to quantify the human global visual awareness, namely because of recent special findings in binocular rivalry phenomenon. The article also offers simple ways to build up binocular rivalry experiments.

scholarly journals Body ownership promotes visual awareness

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn van der Hoort ◽  
Maria Reingardt ◽  
H Henrik Ehrsson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Perception ◽  
Binocular Rivalry ◽  
Visual Awareness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
External Space ◽  
Sense Of Ownership ◽  
The World ◽  
Visuospatial Perception

The sense of ownership of one’s body is important for survival, e.g., in defending the body against a threat. However, in addition to affecting behavior, it also affects perception of the world. In the case of visuospatial perception, it has been shown that the sense of ownership causes external space to be perceptually scaled according to the size of the body. Here, we investigated the effect of ownership on another fundamental aspect of visual perception: visual awareness. In two binocular rivalry experiments, we manipulated the sense of ownership of a stranger’s hand through visuotactile stimulation while that hand was one of the rival stimuli. The results show that ownership, but not mere visuotactile stimulation, increases the dominance of the hand percept. This effect is due to a combination of longer perceptual dominance durations and shorter suppression durations. Together, these results suggest that the sense of body ownership promotes visual awareness.

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