Emotions predictably modify response times in the initiation of human motor actions: A meta-analytic review.

Emotion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett F. Beatty ◽  
Nicole M. Cranley ◽  
Giselle Carnaby ◽  
Christopher M. Janelle
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Motor Actions

scholarly journals Motor Chunking in Internally Guided Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishn Bera ◽  
Anuj Shukla ◽  
Raju S. Bapi
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Motor Tasks ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Sequence Production ◽  
Serial Reaction ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Reaction Task ◽  
Or Task

Motor skill learning involves the acquisition of sequential motor movements with practice. Studies have shown that we learn to execute these sequences efficiently by chaining several elementary actions in sub-sequences called motor chunks. Several experimental paradigms, such as serial reaction task, discrete sequence production, and m × n task, have investigated motor chunking in externally specified sequencing where the environment or task paradigm provides the sequence of stimuli, i.e., the responses are stimulus driven. In this study, we examine motor chunking in a class of more realistic motor tasks that involve internally guided sequencing where the sequence of motor actions is self-generated or internally specified. We employ a grid-navigation task as an exemplar of internally guided sequencing to investigate practice-driven performance improvements due to motor chunking. The participants performed the grid-sailing task (GST) (Fermin et al., 2010), which required navigating (by executing sequential keypresses) a 10 × 10 grid from start to goal position while using a particular type of key mapping between the three cursor movement directions and the three keyboard buttons. We provide empirical evidence for motor chunking in grid-navigation tasks by showing the emergence of subject-specific, unique temporal patterns in response times. Our findings show spontaneous chunking without pre-specified or externally guided structures while replicating the earlier results with a less constrained, internally guided sequencing paradigm.

scholarly journals STUDENTS’ PHYSICAL QUALITY "JUMPING" IN NON-PHYSICAL EDUCATION UNIVERSITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Valery A. Lopatin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Motor Actions

Students’ physical quality “jumping" in non-physical education university is discussed in the article. Complementary characteristics of "jumping ability" described by scientists in different years are given and literary sources of scientists on this problem are analyzed. The article provides the results of practical research based on the Abalakov’s test for measuring jumping ability among students at elective physical culture lessons and a comparative analysis of the test results is presented. Sport that shows the highest jumping ability as an important component of harmony in human motor actions is revealed. Activities at University sports clubs are recommended.

Human motor actions: Bernstein reassessed

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
George Butterworth
Keyword(s):  
Human Motor ◽  
Motor Actions

scholarly journals Basic gymnastics as an effective means of enriching the motor experience of young athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Alfiіa Deineko ◽  
Larysa Lutsenko ◽  
Dmitry Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Young Athlete ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Motor Experience ◽  
Rhythmic Gymnastics ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Motor Actions

The article analyzes and summarizes the issue of enriching the motor experience of young athletes in the context of basic gymnastics usage. It is shown that due to the constant internal development, gymnastics is a powerful and universal means of influencing human motor activity through a large number of different physical exercises. It is highlighted that basic gymnastics has passed a difficult path of historical development and arose as a continuation of the Swedish (general development) direction in the development of gymnastics, and its founder is considered to be the Dane Nils Buk. It is noted that basic gymnastics is aimed at the comprehensive development and strengthening of the human body, its mastery of the general principles of movement (formation of a school of movements), the education of physical, moral and volitional qualities necessary in all areas of human activities. The traditional means are the following groups of exercises: marching - joint actions in the order that promote the education of organization and discipline, accustom to joint organized actions, form the correct posture, make it more fit, agile, slender; applied - walking, running, simple jumps, throwing, climbing, carrying loads, balance exercises; general developmental, allowing a person to master such motor skills that he can use to build motor actions of any complexity; free - combinations of different gymnastic exercises in combination with elements of acrobatics and choreography; the simplest acrobatic - combining acrobatic jumps and balancing exercises, including static positions, as well as basic rhythmic gymnastics exercises, exercises in hanging and projectile stops, dance movements, games and relay races. It has been established that the more various motor skills a young athlete has, the easier and faster it is possible to teach him new motor actions.

scholarly journals Adaptation to hand-tapping affects sensory processing of numerosity directly: evidence from reaction times and confidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1927) ◽  
pp. 20200801
Author(s):  
Paula A. Maldonado Moscoso ◽  
Guido M. Cicchini ◽  
Roberto Arrighi ◽  
David C. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
General Technique ◽  
Hand Tapping ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Response Biases

Like most perceptual attributes, the perception of numerosity is susceptible to adaptation, both to prolonged viewing of spatial arrays and to repeated motor actions such as hand-tapping. However, the possibility has been raised that adaptation may reflect response biases rather than modification of sensory processing. To disentangle these two possibilities, we studied visual and motor adaptation of numerosity perception while measuring confidence and reaction times. Both sensory and motor adaptation robustly distorted numerosity estimates, and these shifts in perceived numerosity were accompanied by similar shifts in confidence and reaction-time distributions. After adaptation, maximum uncertainty and slowest response-times occurred at the point of subjective (rather than physical) equality of the matching task, suggesting that adaptation acts directly on the sensory representation of numerosity, before the decisional processes. On the other hand, making reward response-contingent, which also caused robust shifts in the psychometric function, caused no significant shifts in confidence or reaction-time distributions. These results reinforce evidence for shared mechanisms that encode the quantity of both internally and externally generated events, and advance a useful general technique to test whether contextual effects like adaptation and serial dependence really affect sensory processing.

Interhemispheric connectivity between distinct motor regions as a window into bimanual coordination

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1791-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Hinder
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Bimanual Coordination ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Bimanual Movement ◽  
Interhemispheric Connectivity ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Bimanual Tapping

Performing coordinated bimanual movement is a fundamental feature of the human motor system, with imaging techniques revealing the involvement of an extensive network of motor regions in both hemispheres. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, Liuzzi et al. ( J Neurosci 31: 9111–9117, 2011) recently extended our understanding of the neural correlates of motor actions by showing that the nature of the interhemispheric connectivity between primary and premotor regions may influence motor performance during a bimanual tapping task.

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