Kindergarten domain-specific and domain-general cognitive precursors of hierarchical mathematical development: A longitudinal study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Träff ◽  
Linda Olsson ◽  
Kenny Skagerlund ◽  
Rickard Östergren
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mathematical Development ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cognitive Precursors

A Longitudinal Study of Objectively Measured Built Environment as Determinant of Physical Activity in Young Adults: The European Youth Heart Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Schipperijn ◽  
Mathias Ried-Larsen ◽  
Merete S. Nielsen ◽  
Anneli F. Holdt ◽  
Anders Grøntved ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
European Youth

Background:This longitudinal study aimed to examine if a Movability Index (MI), based on objectively measured built environment characteristics, was a determinant for objectively measured physical activity (PA) among young adults.Methods:Data collected from 177 persons participating in the Danish part of the European Youth Hearth Study (EYHS) was used to examine the effect of the built environment on PA. A MI was developed using objectively measured built environment characteristics, and included residential density, recreational facilities, daily destinations and street connectivity.Results:Results showed a positive cross-sectional association between MI and PA. PA decreased from baseline to follow-up. MI increased, primarily due to participants relocating to larger cities. An increase in MI from baseline to follow-up was associated with a reduced decrease in PA for females.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that the built environment is a determinant for PA, especially for females. The found gender differences might suggest the need to develop gender specific environmental indices in future studies. The validity of the measures can be further improved by creating domain specific PA measures as well as domain specific environmental indices and this can potentially reveal more specific built environment determinants for PA.

The Role of Parents and Peers in the Transition From University to Work Life

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike M. Buhl ◽  
Peter Noack ◽  
Baerbel Kracke
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Instrumental Support ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Specific Support ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The University

This longitudinal study addresses the role of support given by parents and peers during the transition from university to work life. A sample of 64 German university students in their last year at the university completed scales from the Network of Relationships Inventory regarding general support, namely, instrumental aid and intimacy with mothers, fathers, romantic partners, and friends. Four years later, they assessed domain-specific support when looking for work, namely, joint exploration and instrumental support. Participants perceived receiving both types of support from all significant others. However, joint exploration was more important than instrumental support. They felt especially supported by romantic partners. Women received more support than did men. Both types of domain-specific support were explained by general modes of support assessed 4 years earlier. Whether parents, friends, and partners were perceived as helpful during the transition was explained mainly by joint exploration. Again, support from a partner was seen as especially helpful in contrast to help from parents and friends. The special significance of joint exploration underlines the benefit of counseling at the transition from university to work life.

scholarly journals Risk taking, perceived risks, and perceived benefits across adolescence: A domain-specific risk-return approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeltje Blankenstein ◽  
Jorien van Hoorn ◽  
Tycho Dekkers ◽  
Arne Popma ◽  
Brenda Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescence is a phase of heightened risk taking compared to childhood and adulthood, which is even more prominent for specific adolescent populations, such as youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Until now little is known about how perceived risks and benefits relate to adolescent risk taking. Here, we used the adolescent version of the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DoSpeRT) scale to investigate the likelihood of risk taking, perceived risks, perceived benefits, and their tradeoff in two studies. In the first longitudinal study, 375 11-to-23-year-olds completed the DOSPERT one up to three times. A second biannual longitudinal study included 180 11-to-20-year old boys diagnosed with ADHD (N=81), and an IQ and age-matched control group (N=99). Using mixed-effects models, we found a peak in likelihood of risk taking in mid-to-late adolescence, but only in the health/safety, ethical, and social domains of risk taking, with similar curvilinear patterns in perceived benefits (peaks) and perceived risks (dips). In both cohorts, perceived risks and benefits were significant predictors of risk taking in all domains, and perceived benefits related more strongly to risk taking than perceived risks. Moreover, perceived benefits increasingly related to risk taking across adolescence, a pattern that was found in recreational risk taking in both studies. Generally, we observed little differences in risk taking, and perceived risks and benefits between the ADHD and control group. However, risk-return models indicated that adolescents with ADHD displayed a heightened likelihood of risk-taking behavior in the social domain, and their perceived risks related less strongly to risk taking, relative to typically developing adolescents. Taken together, our results are consistent with the developmental peak in risk taking observed in real life and highlight the role of perceived risks and benefits in risk taking. These findings provide tentative entry points for possible prevention and intervention.

Adolescents' Domain-Specific Self-Concepts of Ability Predict Their Domain-Specific Causal Attributions: A Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Anna-Leena Clem ◽  
Kaisa Aunola ◽  
Riikka Hirvonen ◽  
Sami Määttä ◽  
Jari-Erik Nurmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Domain Specific

scholarly journals Comparing Biological Age Estimates Using Domain-Specific Measures From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris P Verschoor ◽  
Daniel W Belsky ◽  
Jinhui Ma ◽  
Alan A Cohen ◽  
Lauren E Griffith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Disability And Health ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Physiological Systems ◽  
Age Estimates

Abstract Many studies have shown that estimates of biological age (BA) can predict health-related outcomes in older adults. Often, researchers employ multiple measures belonging to a variety of biological/physiological systems, and assess the validity of BA estimates by how well they approximate chronological age (CA). However, it is not clear whether this is the best approach for judging a BA estimate, or whether certain groups of measures are more informative to this end. Using data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, we composed panels of biological measures based on the physiological systems/domains they belong to (blood, organ function, physical/cognitive performance), and also composed a panel of measures that optimized the association of BA with CA. We then compared BA estimates for each according to their association with CA and health-related outcomes, including frailty, multimorbidity, chronic condition domains, disability, and health care utilization. Although BA estimated using all 40 measures (r = 0.74) or our age-optimized panel (r = 0.77) most closely approximated CA, the strength of associations to health-related outcomes was comparable or weaker than that of our panel composed only of physical performance measures (CA r = 0.59). All BA estimates were significantly associated to the outcomes considered, with exception to the neurological and musculoskeletal disease domains, and only varied slightly by sex. In summary, while the approximation of CA is important to consider when estimating BA, the strength of associations to prospective outcomes may be of greater importance. Hence, the context in which BA is estimated should be influenced by an investigator’s specific research goals.

scholarly journals Development of early domain-specific and domain-general cognitive precursors of high and low math achievers in grade 6

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1090
Author(s):  
Ulf Träff ◽  
Linda Olsson ◽  
Rickard Östergren ◽  
Kenny Skagerlund
Keyword(s):  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cognitive Precursors

How Specific is Alcohol-Specific Self-Control? A Longitudinal Study of the Mediating Role of Alcohol-Specific Self-Control in the Relation between General Self-Control and Adolescent Alcohol Use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Geurts ◽  
Ina Koning ◽  
Catrin Finkenauer
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol Use ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Adolescent Alcohol ◽  
Dutch Study

Abstract Background: Although accumulating studies indicate that alcohol-specific self-control can be useful in predicting adolescent alcohol use, little is known about its specificity. This longitudinal study aimed to advance our understanding of domain-specific self-control by examining whether alcohol-specific self-control mediates the effect of general self-control on adolescent alcohol use or has generalizing effects by also mediating the effect of general self-control on other behavior requiring self-control (adolescent digital media use and smoking).Methods: Data from 906 adolescents aged 11-14 years who were enrolled in the Dutch study Prevention of Alcohol Use in Students were used. Data were collected using online questionnaires at four annual measurements. Results: Structural equation modelling revealed that higher alcohol-specific self-control fully mediated the effect of higher general self-control on alcohol use. Alcohol-specific self-control did not mediate the effect of higher general self-control on digital media use, but did partially mediate the effect of higher general self-control on smoking. Conclusions: These results suggest that alcohol-specific self-control is domain-specific, but not necessarily substance-specific. The domain-specificity of alcohol-specific self-control provides evidence for its theoretical relevance for the explanation of adolescent alcohol use. It also suggests leverage points for intervention programs focusing on improving alcohol-specific self-control to reduce adolescent alcohol use. Trial registration. The trial protocol (NTR649) was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee.

scholarly journals Numerical Capacities as Domain-Specific Predictors beyond Early Mathematics Learning: A Longitudinal Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e79711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Reigosa-Crespo ◽  
Eduardo González-Alemañy ◽  
Teresa León ◽  
Rosario Torres ◽  
Raysil Mosquera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Early Mathematics ◽  
Domain Specific
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