The consciousness of violence: People who learned to stop the body's natural response to pain when they were children, and grew up to behave violently as adults

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Moyers
Keyword(s):  
Natural Response

23. Coley's toxin and spontaneous tumour regression

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Hayre
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Tumour Regression ◽  
Strong Reaction ◽  
Young Surgeon ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Fever Response

William Coley, a young surgeon at New York Memorial Hospital, was traumatized by the loss of his first patient to bone cancer in 1891. He was unable to save this young patient and she succumbed to her Sarcoma within 3 months of surgery. He searched the hospital archive to learn more about Sarcoma and discovered the case of a patient with a large sarcoma who had undergone five unsuccessful surgeries over a 3 year period. This case had been determined to be hopeless. After the last of these operations, the patient became very ill from an erysipelas infection. Coley was astonished to read that after the fever broke and the patient had recovered, the tumour had vanished. Seven years later, the patient was still alive and well. Coley concluded that whatever had caused the fever must also have destroyed the cancer. Coley searched for and found this patient still in excellent health. Coley reasoned that if a chance infection could make tumours vanish, then a purposefully induced infection could do the same. The hypothesis was tested by infecting his next 10 patients with Streptococcus pyogenes to cause Erysipelas. Some of the patients were difficult to infect, some died, and some had a strong reaction and their disease regressed. Coley switched to deactivated S. pyogenes to avoid the mortality observed with the live strain. Afterxperimentation with various formulations, a combination of S pyogenes and Serratia marcescens was decided upon and became known as Coley’s Toxin. The preferred method of delivery was injection of the toxin directly into the primary tumour or metastases in increasing doses to avoid immune tolerance. Fever response in the patient was essential to imitate a naturally occurring infection and the body’s natural response. Though Coley met with success, this therapy was abandoned as chemotherapy became more popular. Hoption Cann SA, Gunn HD, van Netten JP, van Netten C. Dr William Coley and tumour regression: a place in history or in the future. Post Graduate Medical Journal 2003; 79:672-680. Hobohm U. Fever and Cancer in Perspective. Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy 2001; 50:391-396. Grange JM, Standord JL, Stanford CA. Campbell De Morgan’s ‘Observations on cancer’, and their relevance today. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2002 (June); 95:296-299.

scholarly journals Vibration of rotating circular cylindrical shells with distributed springs

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 346-358
Author(s):  
Fuchun Yang ◽  
Xiaofeng Jiang ◽  
Fuxin Du
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Galerkin Method ◽  
Shell Theory ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Cylindrical Shells ◽  
Free Vibrations ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Circular Cylindrical Shells ◽  
The Galerkin Method

Abstract Free vibrations of rotating cylindrical shells with distributed springs were studied. Based on the Flügge shell theory, the governing equations of rotating cylindrical shells with distributed springs were derived under typical boundary conditions. Multicomponent modal functions were used to satisfy the distributed springs around the circumference. The natural responses were analyzed using the Galerkin method. The effects of parameters, rotation speed, stiffness, and ratios of thickness/radius and length/radius, on natural response were also examined.

scholarly journals Serbs as threat the extreme negative portrayal of the Serb “minority” in Albanian-language newspapers in Kosovo

Balcanica ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 165-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Zdravkovic-Zonta
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
The Media ◽  
State Of Affairs

Through perpetuating negative stereotypes and rigid dichotomous identities, the media play a significant part in sustaining conflict dynamics in Kosovo. Examining their discourse in terms of ideological production and representations is crucial in order to understand the power relations between the majority and the minority, the identity politics involved in sustaining them, and the intractability of the conflict. In an effort to provide a deeper understanding of the intractable conflict in Kosovo, and the role of the media in protracting it, this study uses critical discourse analysis to examine articles related to issues affecting the Serb community, published in Albanian language print media. The master narrative that comes out of the analysis is that of ?threat? - the threat that Kosovo Albanians continue to face from Serbs and Serbia; a threat that is portrayed as historical and constant. The discourse further strengthens the conflict dynamics of opposition, polarization and even hatred. This master narrative implies that Serbs are enemies, to be feared, contested, fought against; conflict is thus the normal state of affairs. The study also looks at the implications of media discourse for reconciliation efforts and the prospects of the Serb minority in Kosovo society, arguing that when the Other is presented as dangerous and threatening, fear of the Other and a desire to eliminate the threat, physically and symbolically, become perceived as a ?natural? response, and thus constitute a significant conflict-sustaining dynamic.

scholarly journals A more natural response

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-511
Author(s):  
Zoltan Fehervari
Keyword(s):  
Natural Response

Differential Impairments in Incentive Learning Caused by First‐ and Second‐ Generation Antipsychotic Drugs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Florczynski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Control ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Operant Chamber ◽  
Incentive Learning ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotic ◽  
First And Second Generation

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by increased function of dopamine in the brain.  Dopamine release is a natural response to reward.  It promotes incentive learning (IL), a process by which neutral stimuli acquire the ability to elicit approach and other responses.  A recent model characterizes dopamine‐mediated IL as a progressive process with early and late stages accompanied by a shift in neural control from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to the dorsolateral striatum (DLS).  A parallel can be drawn to differences in regionally specific neural responses generated by first‐ and second‐generation antipsychotic drugs (APDs) used to treat schizophrenia.  APDs are dopamine receptor antagonists, but first‐generation APDs affect the NAc and DLS while second‐generation APDs affect primarily the NAc.  We compared the effects of APDs on IL. Rats (N = 48) were trained to press a lever forfood pellets in an operant chamber.  Intraperitoneal injections (1 hr before testing) of the first‐generation APD haloperidol (0,0.05,0.10,0.20 mg/kg) or of the second‐generation APD risperidone (0,0.20,0.40,0.80 mg/kg) induced dose‐dependent suppression of lever pressing on days 1‐4, with the highest dose groups failing to demonstrate any evidence of previous learning on day 5 when tested drug‐free.  On days 16‐20 haloperidol induced a day‐to‐day suppression not seen with risperidone.  The results suggest that the effects of first‐ and second‐generation APDs on learning processes putatively mediated by the NAc and DLS can be differentiated experimentally.  The findings imply that APDs may differentially affect IL inpatients with schizophrenia.  

Fear after being fired: the moderating role of resilience in lessening the time between employment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Scrimpshire ◽  
Marcia Lensges
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Affective Events Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Analysis ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Job Termination ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study how the interplay of the emotion of fear and the personality trait of resilience affect time to reemployment after job termination. The authors carried out the research by extending affective events theory (AET) beyond the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a conceptual paper intended to lay the groundwork for future analysis in the areas of fear and resilience, specifically in the time after job termination.FindingsThe paper suggests that fear is a natural response to job termination, and there are two responses to fear: one of action to rid oneself of fear (“fight or flight”) and one of paralysis, in which an individual remains in a fear state. The authors put forth that one's level of resilience is a factor in determining time to reemployment.Originality/valueWhile there are numerous studies on the role emotions play in the workplace and in particular, the role of fear about potentially getting fired, there are few, if any, studies on the role of fear after losing a job. The authors feel this is a warranted area of study as fear can have both positive and negative responses. The authors also contend that a major diver of these fear responses is an individual's level of resilience, and this can be a significant predictor of the individual's time to reemployment.

4.  Differential Impairments in Incentive Learning Caused by First‐ and Second‐ Generation Antipsychotic Drugs

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Florczynski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Control ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Operant Chamber ◽  
Incentive Learning ◽  
Dopamine Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotic ◽  
First And Second Generation

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by increased function of dopamine in the brain.  Dopamine release is a natural response to reward.  It promotes incentive learning (IL), a process by which neutral stimuli acquire the ability to elicit approach and other responses.  A recent model characterizes dopamine‐mediated IL as a progressive process with early and late stages accompanied by a shift in neural control from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) to the dorsolateral striatum (DLS).  A parallel can be drawn to differences in regionally specific neural responses generated by first‐ and second‐generation antipsychotic drugs (APDs) used to treat schizophrenia.  APDs are dopamine receptor antagonists, but first‐generation APDs affect the NAc and DLS while second‐generation APDs affect primarily the NAc.  We compared the effects of APDs on IL. Rats (N = 48) were trained to press a lever for food pellets in an operant chamber.  Intraperitoneal injections (1 hr before testing) of the first‐generation APD haloperidol (0,0.05,0.10,0.20 mg/kg) or of the second‐generation APD risperidone (0,0.20,0.40,0.80 mg/kg) induced dose‐dependent suppression of lever pressing on days 1‐4, with the highest dose groups failing to demonstrate any evidence of previous learning on day 5 when tested drug‐free.  On days 16‐20, haloperidol induced a day‐to‐day suppression not seen with risperidone.  The results suggest that the effects of first‐ and second‐generation APDs on learning processes putatively mediated by the NAc and DLS can be differentiated experimentally.  The findings imply that APDs may differentially affect IL inpatients with schizophrenia.

LIZ LANE (b. 1964)Landscapes (2009)

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
Jane Manning
Keyword(s):  
William Wordsworth ◽  
Song Cycle ◽  
Gerard Manley Hopkins ◽  
John Clare ◽  
Natural Response ◽  
The Rich

This chapter highlights Liz Lane’s Landscapes (2009). This song cycle, a special birthday commission for a young baritone, displays great empathy with the rich emotional world and stirring imagery of well-loved texts by Gerard Manley Hopkins, John Clare, and William Wordsworth. Words are set with clarity and sensitivity, in natural response to their resonances. The attractive musical idiom is basically tonal, but quite chromatic, encompassing changes of pace and mood with admirable fluency. Although unafraid of occasional extremes of register, the composer wisely focuses on medium tessitura when wishing to show the voice’s full palette of colours and shadings. Piano writing is clear and practical, ranging from ostinato figures to simple diaphanous textures and held chords. The three songs are well contrasted: the short opening setting ends in a passage of exultant shouting and the last song, in which the piano takes a major role, gives the singer a satisfying glissando.

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