Normative Considerations for Environmentally Appropriate Residential Landscaping

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupanwita Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Residential Landscaping ◽  
Normative Considerations

Varieties of Understanding

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Normative Considerations ◽  
Shed Light

According to a long historical tradition, understanding comes in different varieties. In particular, it is said that understanding people has a different epistemic profile than understanding the natural world—it calls on different cognitive resources, for instance, and brings to bear distinctive normative considerations. Thus in order to understand people we might need to appreciate, or in some way sympathetically reconstruct, the reasons that led a person to act in a certain way. By comparison, when it comes to understanding natural events, like earthquakes or eclipses, no appreciation of reasons or acts of sympathetic reconstruction is arguably needed—mainly because there are no reasons on the scene to even be appreciated, and no perspectives to be sympathetically pieced together. In this volume some of the world’s leading philosophers, psychologists, and theologians shed light on the various ways in which we understand the world, pushing debates on this issue to new levels of sophistication and insight.

More accurate less meaningful? A critical physical geographer’s reflection on interpreting remote sensing land-use analyses

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332199181
Author(s):  
Andreas Christian Braun
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Normative Considerations

Land-use and land-cover analyses based on satellite image classification are used in most, if not all, sub-disciplines of physical geography. Data availability and increasingly simple image classification techniques – nowadays, even implemented in simple geographic information systems – increase the use of such analyses. To assess the quality of such land-use analyses, accuracy metrics are applied. The results are considered to have sufficient quality, exceeding thresholds published in the literature. A typical practice in many studies is to confuse accuracy in remote sensing with quality, as required by physical geography. However, notions such as quality are subject to normative considerations and performative practices, which differ between scientific domains. Recent calls for critical physical geography have stressed that scientific results cannot be understood separately from the values and practices underlying them. This article critically discusses the specific understanding of quality in remote sensing, outlining norms and practices shaping it and their relation to physical geography. It points out that, as a seeming paradox, results considered more accurate in remote sensing terms can be less informative – or meaningful – in geographical terms. Finally, a roadmap of how to apply remote sensing land-use analyses more constructively in physical geography is proposed.

scholarly journals BDI reasoning with normative considerations

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Meneguzzi ◽  
Odinaldo Rodrigues ◽  
Nir Oren ◽  
Wamberto W. Vasconcelos ◽  
Michael Luck
Keyword(s):  
Normative Considerations

scholarly journals A logical response to corporate social responsibility

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Corporate Citizenship ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Corporate Social Responsiveness ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Normative Considerations

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is argued to be a flawed concept in the same way as sustainable development in that it seeks to combine two aspects which are incommensurable. Nevertheless CSR contains an expanding space for social and environmental concerns under the guise of stakeholder management which undoubtedly influences the commercial bottom line. It is proposed that the concept of corporate citizenship is separated from what is now termed corporate social responsiveness to encompass truly ethical and normative considerations which in business should be manifested by a wholehearted acceptance of the need for regulation, lobbying for the universality of that regulation and an avoidance of undue influence on government. Proper roles for the three partners in society, namely government, commerce and civil society are explored together with the nature of citizenship.

scholarly journals Consumers Preferences for Plant Size, Type of Plant Material and Design Sophistication in Residential Landscaping

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Hardy ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Susan S. Barton ◽  
Thomas J. Page ◽  
Robert E. Schutzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Home Value ◽  
Size Type ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Residential Landscaping

Abstract How much value do consumers place on a good landscape? Self-selected attendees to a Detroit, MI, flower show indicated that plant size was the most important factor in the perceived value of a landscape. Holding other factors equal, increasing from the smallest size plant generally available for installation to the largest size defined in our study increased perceived home value by 5.0%. Design sophistication was almost as important as size. Holding other factors equal, upgrading from a traditional foundation planting to a sophisticated design that incorporated multiple bed and curved bedlines increased perceived home value by 4.5%. The type of plant material used was the least important. The relative importance of plant material selection as a factor contributing value added to the home by the landscape was almost half that of plant size and over 40% less than design sophistication. The conjoint model produced from 158 survey responses predicted that from the least valued landscape to the most valued landscape the perceived value of the home increased 12.7%.

scholarly journals Growth and Development of Introduced Larix Mill. Species in the Taiga Zone (Karelia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-83
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Kishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
State University ◽  
Residential Landscaping ◽  
Phenological Phases

The study reports results of research carried out from April to October during 1988–2016 at the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia, middle taiga subzones). Three introduced species of the genus Larix (Larix sibirica Ledeb., L. leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord, and L. dahurica Turcz. ex Trautv.) were studied. The growth of shoots and needles in different species begins, reaches its culmination, and ends almost simultaneously, differing by no more than one week across the species. L. sibirica shows the highest growth rate. The timing of growth, culmination, and the dynamics of growth of shoots and needles are largely determined by variations in precipitation, temperature, and humidity. The direction and strength of such an effect may vary from year to year. The dates of phenological phases of the Larix species studied here are chiefly determined by the air temperature in the current growing season and the dates of formation of wintering buds in the previous growing season. Bud swelling and opening begins almost simultaneously in the studied species. Most of the other phenological phases begin and end earliest in L. sibirica and latest in L. leptolepis. All the studied species, primarily L. sibirica, are promising for residential landscaping and creation of artificial plant communities in Karelia

scholarly journals LEGAL FORMALISM AND LEGAL REALISM: WHAT IS THE ISSUE?

Legal Theory ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Leiter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Legal Realism ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Legal Formalism ◽  
The Law ◽  
Normative Considerations

In teaching jurisprudence, I typically distinguish between two different families of theories of adjudication—theories of how judges do or should decide cases. “Formalist” theories claim that (1) the law is “rationally” determinate, that is, the class of legitimate legal reasons available for a judge to offer in support of his or her decision justifies one and only one outcome either in all cases or in some significant and contested range of cases (e.g., cases that reach the stage of appellate review); and (2) adjudication is thus “autonomous” from other kinds of reasoning, that is, the judge can reach the required decision without recourse to nonlegal normative considerations of morality or political philosophy. I also note that “formalism” is sometimes associated with the idea that judicial decision-making involves nothing more than mechanical deduction on the model of the syllogism—Beccaria, for example, expresses such a view. I call the latter “Vulgar Formalism” to emphasize that it is not a view to which anyone today cares to subscribe.

scholarly journals Whether to Ignore Them and Spin: Moral Obligations to Resist Sexual Harassment

Hypatia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Hay
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Normative Considerations

In this essay, I consider the question of whether women have an obligation to confront men who sexually harass them. A reluctance to be guilty of blaming the victims of harassment, coupled with other normative considerations that tell in favor of the unfairness of this sort of obligation, might make us think that women never have an obligation to confront their harassers. But 1 argue that women do have this obligation, and it is not overridden by many of the considerations that can override other obligations to confront wrongdoers.

Is Law Determined by Morality?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Marmor
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
The Law ◽  
Normative Considerations ◽  
Influential Theory

This chapter considers the contemporary versions of the substantive nondetachment view about the nature of law. This view takes two main forms. According to Dworkin's influential theory, law's content can never be detached from normative considerations. What the law is—always, and necessarily—depends on certain evaluative considerations about what it ought to be. A more moderate version of this nondetachment view holds that whether the content of law can or cannot be detached from normative considerations is a contingent matter, depending on the norms that happen to prevail in a given legal system, and thus the nondetachment view is at least sometimes true. The main argument of this chapter is that both of these views are mistaken.

Customary International Law: A Vehicle on the Road from Istopia to Eutopia?

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-449
Author(s):  
Wiebke Staff
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Society ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
The Road ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Treaty Law ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Many ◽  
Normative Considerations

Despite the rather non-legal nature of most classic utopias, law, and also international law, plays a major role in Philip Allott’s work, including ‘Eutopia’. Law not only frames any society, but it can also be the means of changing a society and thus be used as a vehicle on the road from Istopia to Eutopia. In international law, the generally more foundational nature of customary international law (despite the many ongoing uncertainties as to several of its characteristics) as opposed to treaty law allows for the former to be a more convenient vehicle: It is more open to normative considerations and changes, it is more susceptible to influences from actors other than States and maybe even to legislators other than States, and, if need be, it can develop in amazingly short timeframes. Therefore we, the members of the international society, should focus our attention on customary international law and find ways how to steer it safely towards Eutopia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document