Impact of Client--Counselor Gender and Ethnicity on Counseling Process and Outcome

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Rinaldi ◽  
Xuan V. Nguyen ◽  
Richard C. Zamora ◽  
Jennifer Bahrman ◽  
Brett A. Shumway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Counseling Process ◽  
Process And Outcome

Clients' Need for Social Approval and Perceptions of Counseling Relationship and Outcomes

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry McNally ◽  
Robert Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Counseling Relationship ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
Counseling Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Evaluation Inventory

The present study examined the relationship between clients' need for social approval and clients' ratings of counseling process and outcomes. A group of 52 junior high, secondary school, and college student counselees anonymously completed the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale at the conclusion of a second interview with a counselor. 2 wk. after termination of counseling the clients anonymously completed the Counseling Evaluation Inventory. Clients' scores on the Social Approval Scale were used to assign them to a high approval-need group or a low approval-need group. Ratings of counseling process and outcome made by the 2 groups showed clients with high need for social approval rated their counselors as more empathic and their counseling experiences as more satisfactory. Results suggest that clients' need for social approval should be controlled in research utilizing clients' ratings.

Clients' Characteristics as Mediating Variables in Perception of Counselors' Social Influence

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Mc Kay ◽  
E. Thomas Dowd ◽  
Stephen A. Roixin
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Counseling Process ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Rating Form ◽  
Mediating Variables ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Counselor Rating

48 clients in a rehabilitation center viewed two 12-min. videotapes each, one depicting a counselor high in social influence and the other one of low influence. They then rated the counselors on the Counselor Rating Form and the Empathy subscale of the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. Black subjects and subjects at lower educational levels rated the counselor of low social influence significantly higher than did whites and better educated subjects on all measures. White subjects and subjects at higher educational levels rated the counselor of high social influence significantly higher on Trustworthiness and Empathy than did blacks and less educated subjects. Results are discussed in light of the research on clients' characteristics as mediating variables in the counseling process and outcome.

Problems with and Alternatives to the Use of Coding Schemes in Research on Counseling

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Adequate Description ◽  
Counseling Process ◽  
Coding Scheme ◽  
Detailed Observation ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
As If

The uses and effects of coding schemes in research on counseling process and outcome are analyzed. It is concluded that the interpretation1 of counseling events in terms of the categories of a coding scheme attenuates at adequate description of those events whenever the researcher uses the coder `s interpretation of events as if it were veridical with the participants' inter prctation. Conversation analysis and ethnomethodology are proposed as alternate methods of data collection. These methods rely on detailed observation of the sequential utterances of counselor and client in order to identify the structures of their interaction that lend the encounter its perceived character for the participants. Thus, the context of meaning created by the participants through their relationship of interaction is made topical in the analysis of the ongoing even is of the interview.

Therapist Expectancy Inventory: Development and Preliminary Validation

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-487
Author(s):  
Bianca L. Bernstein ◽  
Conrad Lecomte ◽  
Gabriel Des Harnais
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Clinical Social Workers ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Counseling Process ◽  
Preliminary Validation ◽  
Process And Outcome ◽  
Inventory Development ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
And Training ◽  
Written Description

That therapists' expectancies are related to counseling process and outcome has been demonstrated in several studies spanning two decades of research. To facilitate the comparability of data and encourage further research, an instrument to measure therapists' expectancies was developed. A total of 1403 clinical psychologists, clinical social workers, and counselors completed an inventory designed to assess therapists' diagnostic, prognostic, and process expectancies in regard to a written description of a client's case. Factor analyses of the data yielded four factors: Expectancies for Therapist's Directiveness and Expectancies for Interpretation (both process factors), Expectancies of Outcomes for Client (prognostic), and Expectancies for Client's Need (diagnostic). Implications for research and training are proposed.

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