The Earnings of Foreign-Educated College Graduates: An Examination of the Determinants of the Hourly Earnings of College-Educated Immigrants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta P. Fogg ◽  
Paul E. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
College Educated

scholarly journals Women’s Educational Attainment and Fertility in the United States among Generation Xers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Zang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Generation Xers

This study is the first to systematically examine the educational differentials in fertility levels and timing across four 5-year cohorts among Generation Xers in the United States. Little attention has been paid to the relationship between U.S. women’s educational attainments and fertility behaviors among those born after 1960 by previous studies. Results reveal that the cohort Total Fertility Rate among college graduates is lower than those of the less educated. However, there is evidence of an emerging trend: an increasing proportion of college-educated women with two children have transitioned to a third. Although college-educated women postpone first births, they tend to ‘catch up’ by spacing higher-order births closer to first births compared to the less-educated.

College cops: a study of education and policing in California

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Police Education ◽  
The Usa ◽  
College Educated

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the state of police education in California. There is limited national data on the topic and this study aims to improve our knowledge by studying the state with the highest number of law enforcement officers in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 162 local law enforcement agencies (police and sheriffs’ departments) in California completed a 32-question electronic survey about police education and training. Findings – Findings reveal that California agencies are more likely than agencies nationwide to offer incentives to encourage officers to pursue higher education. Although most departments require only a high school diploma, 35 percent of sworn officers are college graduates. Most college-educated officers are employed by medium and large sized agencies in urban counties which pay above-average salaries. Research limitations/implications – This paper demonstrates how the prevalence of educated police officers varies and that higher education requirements do not adversely affect the hiring of female officers. It also provides insight from police managers regarding their concerns about requiring a four-year degree and perceptions of whether college-educated officers are actually better officers than non-college-educated officers. Practical implications – Research findings may be instructive to police managers wanting to increase the number of sworn officers in their agency who hold a college degree. Originality/value – It adds to the literature by describing the education level of police officers in California and providing information about the educational requirements and incentives offered to officers by law enforcement agencies. No previous study has addressed this topic, even though California employs 12 percent of all sworn peace officers in the USA.

Does College Education Pay? Evidence From The NLSY-79 Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diamando Afxentiou ◽  
Paul Kutasovic
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
And Gender ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Over Time

This study examines if the college wage premium favoring college graduates still exists. The NLSY-79 data is employed. The sample includes individuals who received their high school degree and college degree in 1980 and 1981. These individuals were followed until the year 2004. A cross sectional regression model was estimated for the years 1982, 1994, and 2004 and found that education, occupation, and gender were the primary determinants of wages. The income gap between college educated workers and high school educated workers has widen over time. Most interestingly, it is the stagnation of high school educated workers that accounts for the gap.

How ya Gonna Keep ’em Down on the Farm

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgeanne Artz ◽  
Li Yu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
State University ◽  
Iowa State University ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rural Business ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
College Educated

This article analyzes factors related to the rural/urban residence choice of college-educated adults using a unique data set resulting from a 2007 stratified random sample survey of Iowa State University alumni graduating between 1982 and 2006. Rural origin is the most significant predictor of rural residence choice. An important finding is that nonpecuniary goals and values such as family tradition, being respected by friends, and building a business for one’s children to inherit have more weight with Iowa State University alumni who reside in rural areas after college than do monetary returns. This implies that incentives such as tax breaks will not work, or will be too expensive, to attract or retain college graduates in rural areas. Second, entrepreneurship rates are higher among Iowa State University alumni in rural areas and rural entrepreneurs tend to have local or, at least, rural roots. This finding lends support to the increasingly popular “grow your strategies” for rural business development.

Vocational Experiences of College-Educated Individuals with Visual Impairments

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Anne M. Joseph ◽  
Mona Robinson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Self Advocacy ◽  
Vocational Success ◽  
Vocational Experiences ◽  
College Educated

This article describes the vocational experiences of college-educated individuals with visual impairments (VI). The participants were 16 college graduates and college students with VI, ages 19-55 years. The data were derived from qualitative research of phenomenological case studies and focused on six primary themes: (a) employers' lack of knowledge about VI (b) the need for self-advocacy, (c) benefits and limitations of working in companies with primarily VI populations, (d) lack of work experience, (e) barriers posed by inaccessible technology, and (f) barriers related to lack of transportation. The results indicated that improvements in the following areas are vital to increase the vocational success of college-educated individuals with VI: (a) employers' education about visual impairment, (b) improved self-advocacy skills, (c) higher levels of vocational experience, and (d) improved access to technology and transportation.

Adaptive behavioral responses to potential infertility among survivors of testis cancer.

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
P P Rieker ◽  
E M Fitzgerald ◽  
L A Kalish
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Testis Cancer ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Retroperitoneal Lymph Node ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Ejaculatory Dysfunction ◽  
College Educated

In a retrospective study of 153 testis cancer survivors, we examined the sociodemographic and clinical determinants of attitudes and behaviors toward illness-induced infertility. Five fertility adjustment responses were identified: sperm-banking awareness (SBA); adoption awareness (AA); fertility testing (FT); trying to father children (TFC); and fertility distress (FD). Although responses to infertility are multidetermined, these data demonstrate there is a distinct sociodemographic and clinical profile for the subgroups of men who engage in different fertility-related behaviors. Multivariate analysis results show that men most likely to be concerned with banking sperm are those who at diagnosis are younger (less than 35 years), childless, college educated, and whose relationships have become strained. Men who sought fertility tests were childless, college graduates, and able to ejaculate. The only factor predicting adoption was childlessness. Those married men attempting to father children were also less than 35 years of age at diagnosis and without ejaculatory dysfunction. The men at greatest risk for continued distress about infertility were those who remained childless and had posttreatment ejaculatory dysfunction. Residual infertility distress also was significantly associated with treatments that included extensive retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) surgery, indicating that the latter is a "risk factor" in survivors' long-term distress. These data, while not definitive, show that the prerogative to have children is very important to men and that losing it sets into motion a range of both adverse emotions and adaptive responses. Adjustment to infertility is a complex process that begins at diagnosis and extends long after treatment is completed.

scholarly journals The Worsening Shortage of College-Graduate Workers

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Bishop ◽  
Shani Carter
Keyword(s):  
College Graduates ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Relative Wage ◽  
College Graduate ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Labor Statistics ◽  
Bureau Of Labor Statistics ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Occupational Employment

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projections of occupational employment growth have consistently underpredicted the growth of skilled occupations. BLS currently projects that professional, technical, and managerial jobs will account for 44.5% of employment growth between 1988 and 2000, while we project they will account for 70% of employment growth. Between March 1988 and March 1991 these occupations, in fact, accounted for 87% of employment growth. The BLS’s projections of the supply/demand balance for college graduates have also been off the mark—predicting a surplus for the 1980s when, in fact, a shortage developed, and relative wage ratios for college graduates rose to all-time highs. We project that the supply of college educated workers will grow more slowly during the 1990s and that there will be a continuing escalation of wage premiums for college graduates.

scholarly journals Trends in the Association between a College Education and Political Tolerance, 1976–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311880585
Author(s):  
Colin Campbell ◽  
Jerry Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
College Education ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
College Educated

In this data visualization, we use data from the General Social Survey to explore long-running trends in the association between a college education and political tolerance toward five groups. For tolerance toward militarists, anti-religionists, communists, and gay men, we show that the tolerance gap between college-educated and non–college educated individuals has narrowed, and this is largely attributable to increased tolerance among the non–college educated. We also find that the tolerance gap toward racists has narrowed; however, this is the result of decreased tolerance among college graduates.

Occupational and Organizational Effects on Wages among College-educated Workers in 2003 and 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Sakamoto ◽  
Sharron Xuanren Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Job Matching ◽  
Organizational Variables ◽  
Organizational Effects ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
College Educated

We investigate the 2003 and 2010 National Survey of College Graduates to study the effects of education, job matching, employer characteristics, and occupation on wage inequality among college-educated workers. Various measures of workers’ bargaining power are considered in conjunction with indicators of employers’ rents. These organizational variables have been mostly ignored in recent research that has emphasized three-digit occupational codes. After controlling for organizational variables, our findings indicate that the incremental R2 uniquely attributable to occupation is small and increased only slightly between 2003 and 2010. As a proportion of the total explained variance, the component attributable to occupation actually declined. By contrast, after controlling for occupation, the incremental R2 attributable to organizational variables increased more substantially. Our results imply that wage inequality among college-educated workers is now more directly affected by employee bargaining power and employer rents than by occupation.

scholarly journals Career Dilemmas among Diné (Navajo) College Graduates: An Exploration of the Dinétah (Navajo Nation) Brain Drain

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
James McKenzie ◽  
Aaron P Jackson ◽  
Robert Yazzie ◽  
Steven A Smith ◽  
Amber K Crotty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Post Secondary Education ◽  
Navajo Nation ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
Indigenous Nations ◽  
College Educated

Like many Indigenous nations, the Navajo Nation has worked to develop its human and economic potential. It has provided scholarships and other supports to enable its members to pursue post-secondary education. However, relatively few of these college-educated members return to the reservation to contribute directly to its development. This phenomenon has been termed a brain drain. This study explored the experiences of 28 college-educated Navajos who, while raised on the reservation, were living off the reservation after completing their post-secondary education. Participants indicated a number of factors that went into their decision to live off the reservation. These included: Ké’: Relationships/Connections to Family, Culture, Homeland, People; Iiná: Lifestyle/Lifeway, Desirable Setting, Learned Work Ethic, Social Atmosphere, Togetherness (Diné) vs. Individualism (Mainstream); Bee ach’į’ na’hwii’ná: Resources and Roadblocks to Making a Life, Infrastructure, Services, The “System”; Bee ajit’9: Opportunity, Prosperity and Personal Improvement, Education, Extracurricular, Job Availability, Work Experience.

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