Noise onset and termination as effective punishing and reinforcing agents

1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Bolles ◽  
Sally E. Seelbach
Keyword(s):  
Noise Onset

Decreases in Stuttering Frequency as a Function of Continuous and Contingent Forms of Auditory Masking

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Webster ◽  
Michael F. Dorman
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Auditory Masking ◽  
Noise Condition ◽  
Noise Masking ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
Noise Onset

This experiment examined the effects of continuous and contingent white noise masking upon the speech of 10 stutterers. The methodology equated the frequency of masking opportunities during (1) noise onset made contingent upon phonation, and (2) noise cessation made contingent upon phonation. A continuous noise condition and a no-noise control condition were also included. All noise conditions produced significantly less stuttering than the no-noise control condition. The three masking conditions yielded approximately the same reductions in the frequency of stuttered responses. Fluency enhancement by the various masking conditions could possibly be explained by reflex functions of the middle ear muscles.

scholarly journals Auditory perceptual history is communicated through alpha oscillations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Tam Ho ◽  
Johahn Leung ◽  
David C. Burr ◽  
David Alais ◽  
Maria Concetta Morrone
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Response Bias ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Phase Reset ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Alpha Oscillations ◽  
Sensory Expectations ◽  
Behavioural Evidence ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Noise Onset

AbstractSensory expectations from the accumulation of information over time exert strong predictive biases on forthcoming perceptual decisions. These anticipatory mechanisms help to maintain a coherent percept in a noisy environment. Here we present novel behavioural evidence that past sensory experience biases perceptual decisions rhythmically through alpha oscillations. Participants identified the ear of origin of a brief sinusoidal tone masked by dichotic white noise, and response bias oscillated over time at ∼9 Hz. Importantly, the oscillations occurred only for trials preceded by a target to the same ear and lasted for at least two trials. These findings suggest that each stimulus elicits an oscillating memory trace, specific to the ear of origin, which subsequently biases perceptual decisions. This trace is phase-reset by the noise onset of the next trial, and remains within the circuitry of the ear in which it was elicited, modulating the sensory representations in that ear.

Early ERP components to gaps in white noise: onset and offset effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 1278 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nomi Mittelman ◽  
Naomi Bleich ◽  
Hillel Pratt
Keyword(s):  
White Noise ◽  
Noise Onset

scholarly journals Perception of Czech in noise: onset and coda in monosylabic words

2010 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Zdena Palková ◽  
Jitka Veroňková
Keyword(s):  
Noise Onset
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