Cooperative selection of action in tapping: A quantitative model

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Vaughan ◽  
David A. Rosenbaum ◽  
Cathleen Moore
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Understanding the evolution of interspecies interactions in microbial communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1798) ◽  
pp. 20190256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florien A. Gorter ◽  
Michael Manhart ◽  
Martin Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Indirect Fitness ◽  
Beneficial Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Microbial communities are complex multi-species assemblages that are characterized by a multitude of interspecies interactions, which can range from mutualism to competition. The overall sign and strength of interspecies interactions have important consequences for emergent community-level properties such as productivity and stability. It is not well understood how interspecies interactions change over evolutionary timescales. Here, we review the empirical evidence that evolution is an important driver of microbial community properties and dynamics on timescales that have traditionally been regarded as purely ecological. Next, we briefly discuss different modelling approaches to study evolution of communities, emphasizing the similarities and differences between evolutionary and ecological perspectives. We then propose a simple conceptual model for the evolution of interspecies interactions in communities. Specifically, we propose that to understand the evolution of interspecies interactions, it is important to distinguish between direct and indirect fitness effects of a mutation. We predict that in well-mixed environments, traits will be selected exclusively for their direct fitness effects, while in spatially structured environments, traits may also be selected for their indirect fitness effects. Selection of indirectly beneficial traits should result in an increase in interaction strength over time, while selection of directly beneficial traits should not have such a systematic effect. We tested our intuitions using a simple quantitative model and found support for our hypotheses. The next step will be to test these hypotheses experimentally and provide input for a more refined version of the model in turn, thus closing the scientific cycle of models and experiments. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Conceptual challenges in microbial community ecology’.

scholarly journals Valuation of peers’ safe choices is associated with substance-naïveté in adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (50) ◽  
pp. 31729-31737
Author(s):  
Dongil Chung ◽  
Mark A. Orloff ◽  
Nina Lauharatanahirun ◽  
Pearl H. Chiu ◽  
Brooks King-Casas
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Substance Exposure ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Substance Exposed

Social influences on decision-making are particularly pronounced during adolescence and have both protective and detrimental effects. To evaluate how responsiveness to social signals may be linked to substance use in adolescents, we used functional neuroimaging and a gambling task in which adolescents who have and have not used substances (substance-exposed and substance-naïve, respectively) made choices alone and after observing peers’ decisions. Using quantitative model-based analyses, we identify behavioral and neural evidence that observing others’ safe choices increases the subjective value and selection of safe options for substance-naïve relative to substance-exposed adolescents. Moreover, the effects of observing others’ risky choices do not vary by substance exposure. These results provide neurobehavioral evidence for a role of positive peers (here, those who make safer choices) in guiding adolescent real-world risky decision-making.

scholarly journals Quantitative Model for Economic Analyses of Information Security Investment in an Enterprise Information System

Organizacija ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rok Bojanc ◽  
Borka Jerman-Blažič
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Security Technology ◽  
Enterprise Information System ◽  
Security Investment ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe paper presents a mathematical model for the optimal security-technology investment evaluation and decision-making processes based on the quantitative analysis of security risks and digital asset assessments in an enterprise. The model makes use of the quantitative analysis of different security measures that counteract individual risks by identifying the information system processes in an enterprise and the potential threats. The model comprises the target security levels for all identified business processes and the probability of a security accident together with the possible loss the enterprise may suffer. The selection of security technology is based on the efficiency of selected security measures. Economic metrics are applied for the efficiency assessment and comparative analysis of different protection technologies. Unlike the existing models for evaluation of the security investment, the proposed model allows direct comparison and quantitative assessment of different security measures. The model allows deep analyses and computations providing quantitative assessments of different options for investments, which translate into recommendations facilitating the selection of the best solution and the decision-making thereof. The model was tested using empirical examples with data from real business environment.

scholarly journals Supplier Selection Model of the Lithium-ion Battery using Fuzzy AHP and Analysis of BOCR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Wardayanti ◽  
Roni Zakaria ◽  
Wahyudi Sutopo ◽  
Bendjamin Benny Louhenapessy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

Although the demand for the lithium-ion battery for electronic consumers and electric vehicles in Indonesia is high, there is no supplier coming from the local manufacturer. The proper selection of suppliers is required by some lithium-ion battery manufacturers (cells, modules, and packs), and Research and Development (R&D) center of the lithium-ion battery with the consideration not only in benefits and cost but also in opportunities and risks. It is important that experts assist the manufacturers and R&D to procure the lithium-ion (materials and cells), through transparent methods that seek a quantitative model to select the right supplier. The main objective of this study is to propose an analytical approach to select suppliers which incorporate Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) concept that comply with the characteristics of the lithium-ion battery industries. A fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model is developed by accommodating the vagueness and inaccuracies of expert elections. The result of this research is development of the model obtained from 2 questionnaires given to the expert. Questionnaire 1 was made for the determination of criteria and sub-criteria, while Questionnaire 2 aims to perform pairwise comparisons of existing criteria and sub-criteria. In the selection of the lithium-ion battery suppliers, there are 11 criteria and 40 sub-criteria which are considered. Those criteria are divided into 4 merits and known for their respective global priorities.

scholarly journals Understanding the evolution of interspecies interactions in microbial communities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florien A. Gorter ◽  
Michael Manhart ◽  
Martin Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Indirect Fitness ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
Beneficial Traits ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractMicrobial communities are complex multi-species assemblages that are characterized by a multitude of interspecies interactions, which can range from mutualism to competition. The overall sign and strength of interspecies interactions have important consequences for emergent community-level properties such as productivity and stability. It is not well understood whether and how interspecies interactions change over evolutionary timescales. Here, we review the empirical evidence that evolution is an important driver of microbial community properties and dynamics on timescales that have traditionally been regarded as purely ecological. Next, we briefly discuss different modelling approaches to study evolution of communities, emphasizing the similarities and differences between evolutionary and ecological perspectives. We then propose a simple conceptual model for the evolution of communities. Specifically, we propose that the evolution of interspecies interactions depends crucially on the spatial structure of the environment. We predict that in well-mixed environments, traits will be selected exclusively for their direct fitness effects, while in spatially structured environments, traits may also be selected for their indirect fitness effects. Selection of indirectly beneficial traits should result in an increase in interaction strength over time, while selection of directly beneficial traits should not have such a systematic effect. We tested our intuitions using a simple quantitative model and found support for our hypotheses. The next step will be to test these hypotheses experimentally and provide input for a more refined version of the model in turn, thus closing the scientific cycle of models and experiments.

Optimizing Selection of Appropriate Power Generation Systems in Indonesia by Using Distance Based Approach Method

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anugerah Widiyanto ◽  
Seizo Kato ◽  
Naoki Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Power Generation Systems ◽  
Selection Of

A deterministic quantitative model has been developed for use to compare the technical, economical and environment feature of various electric power generating plants. The model, which is based on matrix operations, is used in evaluating the various aspects of energy sources available for the electricity generation systems in a developing country. Several energy sources are chosen which could be considered for production of electricity to meet current and future electricity demands. A complete set of energy sources will include fossil fuel fired power plants, nuclear power plants, and natural-renewable energy power plants. A customized computer code is developed to evaluate the overall function for each system from the performance corresponding to the selected energy attributes includes five area of concerns; energy economy, energy security, environmental protection, socio-economic development and technological aspects for the electric power generations. The model developed in this study is applied to the Indonesian’s electric power sector development. Most of the data required for the model application are obtained from various sources related to power industry in Indonesia, such as the Electricity Generating Authority of Indonesia (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, PLN), Government of Indonesia, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, United Nations, and other sources, both in published and public domains. The optimization technique is kept flexible so that it can accommodate other attributes that will be found to be important according to the decision maker’s preference. By so doing, the model virtually can be used to attack any decision problem with various different attributes to reach an optimal decision concerning the selection of energy sources for electricity generation. The result of this study will be a rank of energy sources for Indonesia power generation systems based on the composite distance of each alternative to the designated optimal source of energy.

scholarly journals A MODEL FOR MEASURING PASSENGER LOYALTY

Transport ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Skačkauskienė ◽  
Neringa Vilkaitė- Vaitonė ◽  
Jurgita Raudeliūnienė ◽  
Vida Davidavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Data Accessibility ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Proper Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

Loyalty development is an essential condition for an increase in profit of airline, railway and road transport companies. It is undoubtedly relevant to the success of an organisation. However, there is a lack of unified and universally accepted indicators for customer loyalty. Consequently, a model for measuring customer loyalty can be barely applied to companies that provide transport services for passengers. This gap has presupposed the need to create a customer loyalty model that corresponds to modern needs of passenger transport organisations. The model needs to be flexible to be used by various transport organisations that provide services to passengers. Principal solutions for the design of a model for loyalty measurement emerged from the clarified role of passenger loyalty and evaluation problems. The worked out solutions include a selection of a proper concept (1), loyalty specification (2), and differentiation of loyalty measurement depending on accessible data (3). To measure loyalty, an informative and practical concept of loyalty has been chosen. Subsequently, a complex of indicators that correspond with features of passenger transport services was compiled and the measurement of customer loyalty was differentiated according to the situations of data accessibility. A quantitative model of passenger loyalty measurement is based on a behavioural concept and miscellaneous content. Therefore, it creates presumptions about measuring the state of passenger loyalty and choosing proper solutions for the development of passenger loyalty in transport organisations.

scholarly journals Model characteristics of technical and tactical actions of skilled defenders in football

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
I. Karpa ◽  
I. Ripak ◽  
O. Kolobych ◽  
R. Gandzin ◽  
I. Shanta
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Game Activity ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Selection Of

The basis of competitive activity in team play sports, in particular in football are technical and tactical actions. Therefore, football specialists pay considerable attention to defining their model characteristics. It is worth noting that the total number of technical and tactical actions per match for qualified football players, first of all, depends on the class of opponents and the class of players performing these actions. The results of the research allowed us to develop quantitative model characteristics of the competitive activity of the players of the defense of three levels - minimum, average and maximum model, which allows to plan the overall strategy of team preparation, which includes the selection of rational means and methods of preparation, planning of training and competitive loads, as well as the choice of means techniques of game in defense. The developed model characteristics can serve as criteria for the control of defensive technical and tactical actions in order to improve the system of training the players of the line of defense and operational correction of the competitive activity of the team defenders. The formation of the model characteristics was taken into account the stance of the player and the minimum and maximum indicators of his playing activities both in the matches of the domestic championship and in the Euro-cup matches. Identifying the correlation between current indicators of volume and the effectiveness of the game action of players of the line of defense with the intensity, responsibility of the game activity, and the characteristics of the opponents' respective actions is a prospect for further research in this direction. In practice, methods of operational correction of game actions during competitions, based on operational control over various parameters of technical and tactical actions and effectiveness of the game of the whole team, are subject to further study and improvement.

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