Opening the Black Box: The Role of Office-Level Characteristics in Welfare

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Godfrey ◽  
H. Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Black Box ◽  
Office Level

Consumption and its Externalities: Where Economy Meets Ecology

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Princen
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Consumer Sovereignty ◽  
Marginal Improvement

If social scientists are going to make a contribution to environmental policy-making that is commensurate with the severity of biophysical trends, they must develop analytic tools that go beyond marginal improvement and a production focus where key actors escape responsibility via distanced commerce and the black box of consumer sovereignty. One means is to construct an ecologically informed “consumption angle” on economic activity. The first approach is to retain the prevailing supply-demand dichotomy and address the externalities of consumption and the role of power in consuming. The second approach is to construe all economic activity as “consuming,” as “using up.” This approach construes material provisioning in the context of hunter/gathering, cultivation, and manufacture and then develops three interpretive layers of excess consumption: background consumption, overconsumption, and misconsumption. An example from timbering illustrates how, by going up and down the decision chain, the consumption angle generates questions about what is consumed and what is put at risk. Explicit assignment of responsibility for excess throughput becomes more likely.

Modulation of cardiovascular control mechanisms and their interaction

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Specific Control ◽  
Central Level ◽  
Shed Light

It is generally held that the role of a specific control element can only be understood within its physiological environment. The reviewed studies make it clear that there is a potent interplay between locally produced substances such as adenosine, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and various others all interacting with the central level of control. This can occur at central sites (e.g., nitric oxide in the brain) or in the periphery (e.g., neural influence on autoregulation). The interactions are more or less pronounced during specific physiological challenges. Furthermore, several of these interactions are altered under pathological circumstances, and in some cases, the interactions seem to maintain or even augment the severity of disease. When more than three parameters participate in an interaction, the resulting regulation may become extremely complex. If these parameters are nonlinearly coupled with each other, the only way to shed light onto the nature of control network is by treating it as a black box. With the use of spectral analysis or nonlinear methods, it is possible to disentangle the fundamental nature of the system in terms of the complexity and stability. Therefore, modern developments in cardiovascular physiology utilizing these techniques, some of which are derived from the "chaos theory," are reviewed.

scholarly journals The Role of Textualisation and Argumentation in Understanding the Machine Learning Process

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacper Sokol ◽  
Peter Flach
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Black Box ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Box Models ◽  
Machine Learning Applications ◽  
Black Box Models ◽  
Machine Learning Models

Understanding data, models and predictions is important for machine learning applications. Due to the limitations of our spatial perception and intuition, analysing high-dimensional data is inherently difficult. Furthermore, black-box models achieving high predictive accuracy are widely used, yet the logic behind their predictions is often opaque. Use of textualisation -- a natural language narrative of selected phenomena -- can tackle these shortcomings. When extended with argumentation theory we could envisage machine learning models and predictions arguing persuasively for their choices.

Exploring the SHRM Black Box: Investigating the Role of Community Experiences

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 21071
Author(s):  
Richard H. Jonsen ◽  
Neil M. Boyd ◽  
Franklin Oikelome ◽  
Douglas Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Black Box

Role of superconductivity in superconducting transmission line resonator

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (23) ◽  
pp. 1650163
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ke Qin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Cooper Pairs ◽  
Dimensionless Form ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Transmission Line Resonator ◽  
Good Conductor

In order to understand the role of superconductivity in superconducting transmission line resonator, we derive the mode equations using the macroscopic wavefunction of the Cooper pairs. We make an appropriate scaling to obtain the dimensionless form of equations and establish the validity of good conductor approximation under most circumstances. Quantization of superconducting transmission line resonator is realized by the black-box principle. We also briefly discuss that the deviation from good conductor behavior would result in the observable effects, such as the considerable decrease of phase velocity and the soliton.

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