Sexual Assault by Verbal Coercion, Force, or Incapacitation: Examining Psychological Consequences, Attributions of Responsibility, and Social Reactions to Disclosure

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Dardis ◽  
Christine A. Gidycz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Attributions Of Responsibility ◽  
Social Reactions ◽  
Verbal Coercion

Social Reactions to Disclosure of Sexual Victimization and Adjustment Among Survivors of Sexual Assault

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Orchowski ◽  
Amy S. Untied ◽  
Christine A. Gidycz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Social Reactions

scholarly journals A Short Measure of Social Reactions to Sexual Assault: The Social Reactions Questionnaire-Shortened

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1096-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Ullman ◽  
Mark Relyea ◽  
Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir ◽  
Sidney Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Women Survivors ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Social Reactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Social reactions to disclosures of sexual assault have significant effects on women’s postassault recovery. However, being the most widely used measure of these reactions, the 48-item Social Reactions Questionnaire (SRQ; Ullman, 2000) is too long for some research and evaluation efforts. Thus, we developed a 16-item short version, the Social Reactions Questionnaire-Shortened (SRQ-S). Three preexisting college and community samples of women survivors (N = 1,012; 1,084; and 344) were used to determine which SRQ items were most related to psychological symptoms and could form reliable subscales. The brief version was then administered in a college and community sample of 447 women survivors. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and supporting psychometrics showed the SRQ-S reliably measures three general scales of the SRQ (Turning Against, Unsupportive Acknowledgment, Positive Reactions) as well as eight 2-item subscales (e.g., Blame). The SRQ-S provides researchers and interventionists with a brief alternative measure to the original SRQ.

The Feasibility of a Novel Recruitment Protocol for Collecting Survivor Data via Disclosure Recipient Referrals

2022 ◽  
pp. 107780122110706
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Ullman ◽  
Emily A. Waterman ◽  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Jania Marshall ◽  
Christina M. Dardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Social Reactions ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Research Studies

The current arricle describes a novel recruitment protocol for collecting data from sexual assault and intimate partner violence survivors referred to research studies by individuals to whom they had previously disclosed. Challenges in both recruiting participants and interpreting data are described. Only 35.8% of cases had usable data for both survivors and disclosure recipients, suggesting that this referral method had limited success in recruiting matched pairs. Suggestions for modifications to improve the protocol for future research are offered. Potential advantages and drawbacks of various methods for recruiting dyads are described in order to facilitate future research on survivors’ disclosure processes, social reactions, and the influence of social reactions on survivor recovery.

Characteristics and Psychological Consequences of Sexual Assault in Haiti

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie M. Deschamps ◽  
Harry Theodore ◽  
Marie Irdnie Christophe ◽  
Ariadne Souroutzidis ◽  
Mark Meiselbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Psychological Consequences

scholarly journals Predictors of uptake and retention in an intervention to improve social reactions to disclosures of sexual assault and partner abuse

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Emily A. Waterman ◽  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Lindsey M. Rodriguez ◽  
Sarah E. Ullman ◽  
Christina M. Dardis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Partner Abuse ◽  
Social Reactions

Social Reactions, Coping Strategies, and Self-Blame Attributions in Adjustment to Sexual Assault

1996 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Ullman
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Sexual Assault Survivors ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Social Reactions ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Social Reactions

The present study investigated the impact of social reactions of others to sexual-assault victims on disclosure of their victimization. A convenience sample of adult sexual-assault victims ( N = 155) completed a mail survey in which they reported information about their sexual assaults and postassault experiences. As expected, all negative social reactions were strongly associated with increased psychological symptoms, whereas most positive social reactions were unrelated to adjustment. The only social reactions related to better adjustment were being believed and being listened to by others. Victims experiencing negative social reactions also reported poorer adjustment even when other variables known to affect psychological recovery were controlled. Avoidance coping mediated the association of negative social reactions with adjustment. Implications of these findings for research and treatment of sexual-assault survivors are discussed.

Perceptions of Rape: The Influence of Closeness of Relationship, Intoxication and Sex of Participant

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina S. Hammock ◽  
Deborah R. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Acquaintance Rape ◽  
Attributions Of Responsibility ◽  
Victim Intoxication ◽  
The Impact

Intoxication of the assailant and/or victim is often mentioned in relation to acquaintance rape. The present study tests how independent observers use this information in their perceptions of acquaintance and stranger rape. One hundred and forty-nine females and 104 males read scenarios depicting a sexual assault and made attributions of responsibility for the rape and evaluated the actors. Victims’ intoxication consistently influenced perceptions of victim culpability as well as respondent evaluation of her. The impact of closeness of relationship was much more complex and less consistent than the effects of victim intoxication.

scholarly journals Social Reactions to Sexual Assault Disclosure: A Qualitative Study of Informal Support Dyads

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1497-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Lorenz ◽  
Sarah E. Ullman ◽  
Anne Kirkner ◽  
Rupashree Mandala ◽  
Amanda L. Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Informal Support ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Significant Other ◽  
Relationship Type ◽  
Relational Patterns ◽  
Social Reactions

This interview study examined 45 informal support dyads where sexual assault was disclosed. Analysis showed social reactions and appraisals of reactions varied by relationship type (family, friend, significant other). Themes identified were role reversal or “parentification” of supporters, reactions of anger and aggression toward perpetrators, supporters using their own trauma experiences to respond to survivors, and reactions of betrayal. Results revealed the potential for identifying relational patterns and dynamics occurring in social reactions through dyadic analysis not otherwise captured by a survivor-only perspective. This approach helps understand and address distinct relationship contexts to improve supporters’ reactions to sexual assault disclosure.

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