Effect of Variable Visual-Feedback Delay on Movement Time

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio C. Mateo ◽  
Robert H. Gilkey ◽  
Jeffrey L. Cowgill
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Feedback Delay

scholarly journals Exposure to auditory feedback delay while speaking induces perceptual habituation but does not mitigate the disruptive effect of delay on speech auditory-motor learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Shiller ◽  
Takashi Mitsuya ◽  
Ludo Max
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
List Type ◽  
Disruptive Effect ◽  
Feedback Delay ◽  
Spectral Perturbation

ABSTRACTPerceiving the sensory consequences of our actions with a delay alters the interpretation of these afferent signals and impacts motor learning. For reaching movements, delayed visual feedback of hand position reduces the rate and extent of visuomotor adaptation, but substantial adaptation still occurs. Moreover, the detrimental effect of visual feedback delay on reach motor learning—selectively affecting its implicit component—can be mitigated by prior habituation to the delay. Auditory-motor learning for speech has been reported to be more sensitive to feedback delay, and it remains unknown whether habituation to auditory delay reduces its negative impact on learning. We investigated whether 30 minutes of exposure to auditory delay during speaking (a) affects the subjective perception of delay, and (b) mitigates its disruptive effect on speech auditory-motor learning. During a speech adaptation task with real-time perturbation of vowel spectral properties, participants heard this frequency-shifted feedback with no delay, 75 ms delay, or 115 ms delay. In the delay groups, 50% of participants had been exposed to the delay throughout a preceding 30-minute block of speaking whereas the remaining participants completed this block without delay. Although habituation minimized awareness of the delay, no improvement in adaptation to the spectral perturbation was observed. Thus, short-term habituation to auditory feedback delays is not effective in reducing the negative impact of delay on speech auditory-motor adaptation. Combined with previous findings, the strong negative effect of delay and the absence of an influence of delay awareness suggest the involvement of predominantly implicit learning mechanisms in speech.HIGHLIGHTSSpeech auditory-motor adaptation to a spectral perturbation was reduced by ~50% when feedback was delayed by 75 or 115 ms.Thirty minutes of prior delay exposure without perturbation effectively reduced participants’ awareness of the delay.However, habituation was ineffective in remediating the detrimental effect of delay on speech auditory-motor adaptation.The dissociation of delay awareness and adaptation suggests that speech auditory-motor learning is mostly implicit.

The effects of movement distance and movement time on visual feedback processing in aimed hand movements

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard N. Zelaznik ◽  
Brian Hawkins ◽  
Lorraine Kisselburgh
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Movement Distance

Effects of Visual Feedback Delay on Simulated Automobile Steering

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl U. Smith ◽  
Richard Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Feedback Delay

Effect of changing feedback delay on spontaneous oscillations in smooth pursuit eye movements of monkeys

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Goldreich ◽  
R. J. Krauzlis ◽  
S. G. Lisberger
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Target Motion ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Target Velocity ◽  
Feedback Delay ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Internal Feedback ◽  
Pursuit Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Velocity

1. Our goal was to discriminate between two classes of models for pursuit eye movements. The monkey's pursuit system and both classes of model exhibit oscillations around target velocity during tracking of ramp target motion. However, the mechanisms that determine the frequency of oscillations differ in the two classes of model. In "internal feedback" models, oscillations are controlled by internal feedback loops, and the frequency of oscillation does not depend strongly on the delay in visual feedback. In "image motion" models, oscillations are controlled by visual feedback, and the frequency of oscillation does depend on the delay in visual feedback. 2. We measured the frequency of oscillation during pursuit of ramp target motion as a function of the total delay for visual feedback. For the shortest feedback delays of approximately 70 ms, the frequency of oscillation was between 6 and 7 Hz. Increases in feedback delay caused decreases in the frequency of oscillation. The effect of increasing feedback delay was similar, whether the increases were produced naturally by dimming and decreasing the size of the tracking target or artificially with the computer. We conclude that the oscillations in eye velocity during pursuit of ramp target motion are controlled by visual inputs, as suggested by the image motion class of models. 3. Previous experiments had suggested that the visuomotor pathways for pursuit are unable to respond well to frequencies as high as the 6-7 Hz at which eye velocity oscillates in monkeys. We therefore tested the response to target vibration at an amplitude of +/- 8 degrees/s and frequencies as high as 15 Hz. For target vibration at 6 Hz, the gain of pursuit, defined as the amplitude of eye velocity divided by the amplitude of target velocity, was as high as 0.65. We conclude that the visuomotor pathways for pursuit are capable of processing image motion at high temporal frequencies. 4. The gain of pursuit was much larger when the target vibrated around a constant speed of 15 degrees/s than when it vibrated around a stationary position. This suggests that the pursuit pathways contain a switch that must be closed to allow the visuomotor pathways for pursuit to operate at their full gain. The switch apparently remains open for target vibration around a stationary position. 5. The responses to target vibration revealed a frequency at which eye velocity lagged target velocity by 180 degrees and at which one monkey showed a local peak in the gain of pursuit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

scholarly journals Predictability is necessary for closed-loop visual feedback delay adaptation

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rohde ◽  
L. C. J. van Dam ◽  
M. O. Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Feedback Delay

The Effects of Obstructions on Arm Movement Time during Reach and Positioning Movements of a Simulated Maintenance Task

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 798-802
Author(s):  
Susan A. Taylor ◽  
Thomas Z. Strybel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Perceived Difficulty ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Target Locations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fundamental issue of how an obstruction affects movement time during reach and positioning components of a simulated maintenance task. Eight obstruction locations for two target locations provided the experimental manipulation for the study, while movement time was measured as the dependent variable. Data for all the trials were obtained using a three-dimensional magnetic sensing device placed on the back of the subject's hand as he/she moved in space from the starting point to the target in a wooden mockup replicating the work space of a maintainer in an aircraft horizontal stabilizer. Results indicated that movement times increased when the vertical position of the obstruction was within roughly 5.72 cm of the target. Subjects' perceived difficulty in those conditions with longer movement times was attributable more to the inability to see the target during the end of the motion than the lack of positioning space around the target. These findings emphasize the role visual feedback played in a task of this type, and its effect on maintenance procedure times in general.

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