The pilot personality and individual differences in the stress response

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydee M. Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Stress Response

Mechanism of the Immediate Capillary Stress Response

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenö Kramár ◽  
William V. Meyers ◽  
Harry H. McCarthy ◽  
Nicholas Dietz ◽  
Margarete Simay-Kramár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Primary Effect ◽  
Biphasic Response ◽  
Capillary Stress ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Capillary Resistance ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Capillary Response

Two possibilities may be considered for the mechanism of the immediate capillary stress response: the direct nervous origin, and the humoral. The latter was investigated in this study. Immediate capillary stress response was found in the absence of the adrenal, pituitary or thyroid glands, and after removal of both the adrenals and the pituitary. Among the 10 physiologic substances considered as playing a potential role in this phenomenon, three were found to possess capillary activity. Vasopressin as well as oxytocin increases capillary resistance. Histamine gives rise to a biphasic response, involving a decrease of capillary resistance (primary effect) followed by an increase (due to vasopressin elicited by histamine). By means of these substances it is possible to duplicate the immediate capillary stress response. During the immediate capillary response plasma has antidiuretic and chloruretic properties—a finding compatible with an increased vasopressin concentration and with the assumption that vasopressin is discharged rather regularly in the first phase of the stress response. The immediate capillary stress response seems to be the result of an interplay between vasopressin-oxytocin, and histamine. Species and individual differences in the sensitivity to these substances may account for the various patterns of the capillary response. The possible significance of the immediate capillary response and of the increased vasopressin activity in some clinical conditions is discussed.

Behavioural stress response and melanin-based plumage colouration in barn swallow nestlings

Behaviour ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 154 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 853-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Corti ◽  
Gaia Bazzi ◽  
Alessandra Costanzo ◽  
Stefano Podofillini ◽  
Nicola Saino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Barn Swallow ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Plumage Colouration ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Individual Ability

Consistent and correlated inter-individual differences in behaviours, the so-called ‘personalities’, have been identified in many vertebrates. The ability to respond to stressful events is part of personalities and can have important fitness consequences, as it determines how individuals cope with environmental challenges. As a consequence of pleiotropic effects of genes involved in several functions, inter-individual differences in behavioural responses can be associated with phenotypic traits, like melanin-based plumage colouration in birds. We examined the association between three proxies of the behavioural stress response and breast plumage colouration in barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) nestlings. We found that nestling behavioural responses were consistent within individuals and similar among siblings, thus suggesting that these behaviours may contribute to define individual ‘personalities’. However, nestling behavioural stress response was not significantly predicted by variation in breast plumage colouration, indicating that in juveniles of this species melanin-based colouration does not convey to conspecifics reliable information on individual ability to cope with stressful events.

Individual differences and the stress response

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Sapolsky
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Stress Response
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