Constraints on Cross-Language Semantic and Translation Priming in Spanish-English Bilinguals

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Altarriba ◽  
Dana M. Basnight-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Translation Priming ◽  
Cross Language

Script differences and masked translation priming: Evidence from Hindi-English bilinguals

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Dubey ◽  
Naoko Witzel ◽  
Jeffrey Witzel
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Inhibition ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Roman Alphabet ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Masked Translation Priming

This study reports on two experiments investigating the effects of script differences on masked translation priming in highly proficient early Hindi-English bilinguals. In Experiment 1 (the cross-script experiment), L1 Hindi was presented in the standard Devanagari script, while L2 English was presented in the Roman alphabet. In Experiment 2 (the same-script experiment), both L1 Hindi and L2 English were presented in the Roman alphabet. Both experiments revealed translation priming in the L1-L2 direction. However, L2-L1 priming was obtained in the same-script experiment, but not in the cross-script experiment. These findings are discussed in relation to the orthographic cue hypothesis as well as hypotheses that hold that script differences influence the distance between the L1 and L2 in lexical space and/or cross-language lateral inhibition. We also provide alternative accounts for these results in terms of how orthographic cues provided by L1 targets might lead to the discontinuation or disruption of processing for L2 primes.

The effects of language immersion on the bilingual lexicon

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy P.K. Mok ◽  
Alan C.L. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Language Immersion ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Bilingual Lexicon ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Cross Language

Abstract Previous studies have consistently found an asymmetry where priming in the L1-L2 direction is stronger than that in the L2-L1 direction. However, some studies showed that an L2 immersion environment could attenuate bilingual speakers’ access to the L1 and result in a ‘bilingual disadvantage’. This study investigated how language immersion modulates the priming effects of late adult bilingual speakers. We compared late Chinese-English bilingual speakers with high L2 (English) proficiency in an L1 environment and those in an L2 immersion environment. Both semantic and translation priming in same-language and cross-language conditions were investigated. The results showed no ‘bilingual disadvantage’ of the immersed participants. The priming asymmetry was weakened for the immersed participants who were more comparable in their reaction time to different language conditions. Both semantic and translation priming were found in L1-L2 and L2-L1 directions, suggesting that both types of priming are similar in nature in the bilingual lexicon.

scholarly journals Cross-linguistic activation of implicit causality biases in Korean learners of English

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
HYUNWOO KIM ◽  
THERES GRÜTER
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Completion ◽  
English Sentence ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Implicit Causality ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
Reference Processing ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Korean Learners ◽  
Korean Learners Of English

This study investigates how the strength of referential biases associated with implicit vs explicit causality predicates in Korean affects Korean-speaking learners’ reference choices in English. Sentence-completion experiments with Korean (Experiment 1a) and English (1b) native speakers showed that Korean speakers referred to the subject more following predicates with explicit vs implicit causality marking, whereas English speakers showed no difference in referential bias for the English translation correspondents of these predicates, which did not contain explicit causality marking. In Experiment 2, Korean learners of English completed an English sentence-completion task, either preceded or followed by a translation task, to test whether strength of referential bias in Korean would affect their referential choices in English. After factoring in individual differences in cross-linguistic associations, results provided evidence that cross-language activation at the word level affects reference processing at a discourse level, with the predicted effect somewhat enhanced by translation priming.

Target accessibility contributes to asymmetric priming in translation and cross-language semantic priming in unbalanced bilinguals

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
YISRAEL SMITH ◽  
JOEL WALTERS ◽  
ANAT PRIOR
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Lexical Activation ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
L1 And L2

The current study examined within- and cross-language connectivity in four priming conditions: repetition, translation, within-language semantic and cross-language semantic priming. Unbalanced Hebrew–English bilinguals (N = 89) completed a lexical decision task in one of the four conditions in both languages. Priming effects were significantly larger from L1 to L2 for translation priming and marginally so for cross-language semantic priming. Priming effects were comparable for L1 and L2 in repetition and within-language semantic priming. These results support the notion that L1 words are more effective primes but also that L2 targets benefit more from priming. This pattern of results suggests that the lower frequency of use of L2 lexical items in unbalanced bilinguals contributes to asymmetrical cross-language priming via lower resting-level activation of targets and not only via less efficient lexical activation of primes, as highlighted by the BIA+ model.

scholarly journals Is translation priming asymmetry due to partial awareness of the prime?

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN WANG ◽  
KENNETH FORSTER
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Semantic Activation ◽  
Prime Duration ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
L1 And L2

A 50ms prime duration is often adopted in both L1-L2 and L2-L1 directions in the cross-language priming paradigm. It is unknown how aware bilinguals are of the briefly presented primes of different scripts; and whether the degree of awareness of L1 and L2 primes is at a similar level. Kouider and Dupoux's (2004) proposal of partial awareness suggests that 50ms English primes were sufficient to make a semantic interpretation. It is unclear whether this is the case when processing one's L2 or a different script. Experiment 1 was designed to measure the comparable prime durations for semantic interpretation of Chinese primes vs. English primes. Experiment 2 tested whether partial awareness of primes would cause priming asymmetry. Our findings demonstrate that a 50ms prime duration gave rise to different degrees of semantic activation in different scripts and L1/L2. However, increasing prime duration on L2 primes did not produce L2-L1 priming.

Bilingual lexical representation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Davis ◽  
Jeesun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Masked Priming ◽  
Lexical Representation ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Masked Translation Priming ◽  
Prime Target

Abstract This paper has two aims: (1) to examine evidence for noncognate translation priming from cross-language masked priming studies of printed words. (2) to introduce an automatic procedure for creating masked speech priming experiments. For (1) we conducted two meta-analyses that aggregated evidence from masked translation priming studies in the L1 to L2 and L2 to L1 prime-target directions. These showed that there was evidence of significant priming for both directions, and that priming was larger for the L1-L2 direction. The analyses revealed considerable heterogeneity in outcomes, particularly for priming in the L1 to L2 direction. For (2) we outlined some of the practical difficulties that are involved in implementing a masked speech priming experiment and offered a largely automated solution (that we will make available).1 We then briefly considered whether the work with written primes and targets may translate to the spoken medium.

The effect of age of L2 acquisition on the organization of the bilingual lexicon: Evidence from masked priming

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA SABOURIN ◽  
CHRISTIE BRIEN ◽  
MICHELE BURKHOLDER
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Processing ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
L2 Proficiency ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Early English ◽  
Cross Language

This study investigates the role of age of acquisition (AoA) on the bilingual mental lexicon. Four groups of participants were tested: (i) English native speakers with minimal exposure to French; (ii) late English–French bilinguals; (iii) early English–French bilinguals; and (iv) simultaneous English–French bilinguals. We used a masked priming paradigm to investigate early, automatic lexical processing at the semantic level by testing both a within-language semantic condition and a cross-language translation condition. AoA was investigated both through group effects and a correlation analysis. We found significant translation priming effects for the simultaneous and early bilinguals only, and a significant correlation between AoA and translation priming effects. Due to the matched L2 proficiency of the early and late bilinguals, these results support our hypothesis that an early AoA, regardless of L2 proficiency, is crucial in order to find the L2-to-L1 priming effects that have often been elusive in recent studies.

Psychometric Parameters of the Spanish Version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS)1

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Joaquin Tomás-Sabádo ◽  
Juana Gómez-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Language Equivalence

Summary: To construct a Spanish version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS), the Arabic and English versions of the KUAS have been separately translated into Spanish. To check the comparability in terms of meaning, the two Spanish preliminary translations were thoroughly scrutinized vis-à-vis both the Arabic and English forms by several experts. Bilingual subjects served to explore the cross-language equivalence of the English and Spanish versions of the KUAS. The correlation between the total scores on both versions was .93, and the t value was .30 (n.s.), denoting good similarity. The Alphas and 4-week test-retest reliabilities were greater than .84, while the criterion-related validity was .70 against scores on the trait subscale of the STAI. These findings denote good reliability and validity of the S-KUAS. Factor analysis yielded three high-loaded factors of Behavioral/Subjective, Cognitive/Affective, and Somatic Anxiety, equivalent to the original Arabic version. Female (n = 210) undergraduates attained significantly higher mean scores than their male (n = 102) counterparts. For the combined group of males and females, the correlation between the total score on the S-KUAS and age was -.17 (p < .01). By and large, the findings of the present study provide evidence of the utility of the S-KUAS in assessing trait anxiety levels in the Spanish undergraduate context.

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