The cost of mentally representing three versus two spatial dimensions

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immanuel Barshi ◽  
Alice F. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
The Cost

Logical and Physical Design of Spatial Non-Strict Hierarchies in Relational Spatial Data Warehouse

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferrahi Ibtisam Ibtisam ◽  
Sandro Bimonte ◽  
Kamel Boukhalfa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Models ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Bitmap Index ◽  
Spatial Concepts ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Spatial Data Models ◽  
Spatial Data Warehouse ◽  
Spatial Hierarchy ◽  
The Cost

The emergence of spatial or geographic data in DW Systems defines new models that support the storage and manipulation of the data. The need to build an SDW and to optimize SOLAP queries continues to attract the interest of researchers in recent years. Several spatial data models have been investigated to extend classical multidimensional data models with spatial concepts. However, most of existing models do not handle a non-strict spatial hierarchy. Moreover, the complexity of the spatial data makes the execution time of spatial queries very considerable. Often, spatial indexation methods are applied to optimizing access to large volumes of data and helps reduce the cost of spatial OLAP queries. Most of existing indexes support predefined spatial hierarchies. The authors show, in this article, that the logical models proposed in the literature and indexing techniques are not suitable to non-strict hierarchies. The authors propose a new logical schema supporting the non-strict hierarchies and a bitmap index to optimize queries defined by spatial dimensions with several non-strict hierarchies.

The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 612-613
Author(s):  
James F. Mancuso
Keyword(s):  
Head Start ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Financial Applications ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Training And Support ◽  
Control Image ◽  
Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

New Feasible Concepts of Aberration Correction for Realizing High-Resolution Electron Microscopes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
H. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Optical Lens ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Rotationally Symmetric ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Imaging Performance ◽  
Acceleration Voltage

The imaging performance of the light optical lens systems has reached such a degree of perfection that nowadays numerical apertures of about 1 can be utilized. Compared to this state of development the objective lenses of electron microscopes are rather poor allowing at most usable apertures somewhat smaller than 10-2 . This severe shortcoming is due to the unavoidable axial chromatic and spherical aberration of rotationally symmetric electron lenses employed so far in all electron microscopes.The resolution of such electron microscopes can only be improved by increasing the accelerating voltage which shortens the electron wave length. Unfortunately, this procedure is rather ineffective because the achievable gain in resolution is only proportional to λ1/4 for a fixed magnetic field strength determined by the magnetic saturation of the pole pieces. Moreover, increasing the acceleration voltage results in deleterious knock-on processes and in extreme difficulties to stabilize the high voltage. Last not least the cost increase exponentially with voltage.

Nanostructure of semiconductor quantum dots in a borosilicate glass matrix by complementary use of HREM and AEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-729
Author(s):  
M.J. Kim ◽  
L.C. Liu ◽  
S.H. Risbud ◽  
R.W. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
Spatial Dimensions

When the size of a semiconductor is reduced by an appropriate materials processing technique to a dimension less than about twice the radius of an exciton in the bulk crystal, the band like structure of the semiconductor gives way to discrete molecular orbital electronic states. Clusters of semiconductors in a size regime lower than 2R {where R is the exciton Bohr radius; e.g. 3 nm for CdS and 7.3 nm for CdTe) are called Quantum Dots (QD) because they confine optically excited electron- hole pairs (excitons) in all three spatial dimensions. Structures based on QD are of great interest because of fast response times and non-linearity in optical switching applications.In this paper we report the first HREM analysis of the size and structure of CdTe and CdS QD formed by precipitation from a modified borosilicate glass matrix. The glass melts were quenched by pouring on brass plates, and then annealed to relieve internal stresses. QD precipitate particles were formed during subsequent "striking" heat treatments above the glass crystallization temperature, which was determined by differential thermal analysis.

An application: the cost of clinic care by undergraduate dental students and its relationship to clinic fees

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 832-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Solomon ◽  
TK Hasegawa ◽  
JD Shulman ◽  
PO Walker
Keyword(s):  
Dental Students ◽  
The Cost

The effect of heliotherapy on the cost of psoriasis, p. 288

1998 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
Snellman ◽  
Maljanen ◽  
Aromaa ◽  
Reunanen ◽  
Jyrkinen‐Pakkasvirta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Cost

152: Urinary Incontinence: The Cost Burden for Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
Leslee L. Subak ◽  
Stephen K. Van Den Eeden ◽  
Jeanette S. Brown ◽  
Arona I. Ragins ◽  
Eric Vittinghoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Cost Burden ◽  
The Cost
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document