Prospective memory and aging: Evidence for preserved spontaneous retrieval processes in older adults

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles O. Einstein ◽  
Michael Scullin ◽  
Rachel Bishop ◽  
Katie Arnold ◽  
Mark A. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Spontaneous Retrieval

scholarly journals Differential Focal and Nonfocal Prospective Memory Accuracy in a Demographically Diverse Group of Nondemented Community-Dwelling Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1015-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Y. Chi ◽  
Laura A. Rabin ◽  
Avner Aronov ◽  
Joshua Fogel ◽  
Ashu Kapoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Spontaneous Retrieval

AbstractAlthough prospective memory (PM) is compromised in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), it is unclear which specific cognitive processes underlie these PM difficulties. We investigated older adults’ performance on a computerized event-based focal versus nonfocal PM task that made varying demands on the amount of attentional control required to support intention retrieval. Participants were nondemented individuals (mean age=81.8 years; female=66.1%) enrolled in a community-based longitudinal study, including those with amnestic MCI (aMCI), nonamnestic MCI (naMCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and healthy controls (HC). Participants included in the primary analysis (n=189) completed the PM task and recalled and/or recognized both focal and nonfocal PM cues presented in the task. Participants and their informants also completed a questionnaire assessing everyday PM failures. Relative to HC, those with aMCI and naMCI were significantly impaired in focal PM accuracy (p<.05). In a follow-up analysis that included 13 additional participants who successfully recalled and/or recognized at least one of the two PM cues, the naMCI group showed deficits in nonfocal PM accuracy (p<.05). There was a significant negative correlation between informant reports of PM difficulties and nonfocal PM accuracy (p<.01). PM failures in aMCI may be primarily related to impairment of spontaneous retrieval processes associated with the medial temporal lobe system, while PM failures in naMCI potentially indicate additional deficits in executive control functions and prefrontal systems. The observed focal versus nonfocal PM performance profiles in aMCI and naMCI may constitute specific behavioral markers of PM decline that result from compromise of separate neurocognitive systems. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–13)

scholarly journals Prospective memory and aging: preserved spontaneous retrieval, but impaired deactivation, in older adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1232-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Scullin ◽  
Julie M. Bugg ◽  
Mark A. McDaniel ◽  
Gilles O. Einstein
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Spontaneous Retrieval

Prospective Memory

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 286-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles O. Einstein ◽  
Mark A. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Spontaneous Retrieval ◽  
Environmental Events

An interesting challenge for researchers who study prospective memory is to explain how people recognize environmental events as cues for actions. Whereas some theorists propose that a capacity-consuming monitoring process is the only means by which intentions can be retrieved, we argue that the cognitive system relies on multiple processes, including spontaneous processes that reflexively respond to the presence of target events. We present evidence for the existence of spontaneous retrieval processes and apply the idea of multiple processes to mixed findings on age-related decline in prospective memory.

scholarly journals Retrieval in prospective memory: Multiple processes or just delay?

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 2197-2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis T. Anderson ◽  
Mark A. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Single Process ◽  
Spontaneous Retrieval ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
Focal Condition ◽  
Information Accumulation

In prospective memory (PM) research, a common finding is that PM accuracy is greater using focal, rather than nonfocal, cues. Under the multiprocess framework, the high PM performance for focal cues (cues that facilitate noticing of the target), often in the absence of task interference, reflects people’s ability to rely on spontaneous retrieval processes. By contrast, nonfocal cues (cues that do not facilitate noticing) require monitoring. A competing explanation suggests that a single process underlies focal versus nonfocal PM: People adjust their delay in ongoing responding to allow enough time for PM information to reach awareness (delay theory). Participants’ lower nonfocal performance arises because they fail to delay responding to a sufficient degree; with focal cues, the PM information accumulation rate is fast enough that no delay is necessary (and thus most everyone performs well). We sought to improve nonfocal PM performance by pairing a PM task with fast information accumulation to an ongoing task for which the requisite information accumulated more slowly. Reasoning from delay theory, we expected PM accuracy levels in this nonfocal PM task to approximate that observed in a focal PM task (for which the PM tasks were identical). In contrast to this expectation, the focal condition displayed significantly higher PM accuracy (despite demonstrating a reliably shorter response delay). In light of these findings, we concluded that the multiprocess interpretation is favoured.

scholarly journals The effects of combined cognitive training on prospective memory in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Zijing Hong ◽  
Rongrong Hu ◽  
Zhibin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Strategy Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Executive Function Training ◽  
Encoding Strategy

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effects of combined cognitive training on prospective memory ability of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A total of 113 participants were divided into a control group and three intervention groups. Over three months, the control group received only community education without any training, whereas for the first six weeks, an executive function training group received executive function training, a memory strategy training group received semantic encoding strategy training, and the combined cognitive training group received executive function training twice a week for the first six weeks, and semantic encoding strategy training twice a week for the next six weeks. The combined cognitive training group showed improvement on the objective neuropsychological testing (Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale). The memory strategy training group showed improvement on the self-evaluation scales (PRMQ-PM). Combined cognitive training improved the prospective memory and cognitive function of older adults with MCI.

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