scholarly journals Integrating Mind and Body in a Response Selection Task: From Neural Decisions to Mouse Trajectories...and Back Again

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron T. Buss ◽  
Tim Wifall ◽  
Gregor Schoener ◽  
Eliot Hazeltine ◽  
John P. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Response Selection ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Mind And Body

The Anterior Cingulate and Reward-Guided Selection of Actions

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 1161-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Hadland ◽  
M.F.S. Rushworth ◽  
D. Gaffan ◽  
R. E. Passingham
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Conditional Response ◽  
Visual Discrimination Learning ◽  
Selection Of

Macaques were taught a reward-conditional response selection task; they learned to associate each of two different actions to each of two different rewards and to select actions that were appropriate for particular rewards. They were also taught a visual discrimination learning task. Cingulate lesions significantly impaired selection of responses associated with different rewards but did not interfere with visual discrimination learning or performance. The results suggest that 1) the cingulate cortex is concerned with action reward associations and not limited to just detecting when actions lead to errors and 2) that the cingulate cortex's function is limited to action reinforcer associations and it is not concerned with stimulus reward associations.

Inspection times, the change task, and the rapid-response selection task

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell J. Roberts ◽  
Elizabeth J. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Inspection Time ◽  
Analytic Framework ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Change Task

Three experiments are reported, which are based upon the Wason four-card selection task inspection time paradigm, in which subjects solve computer-presented trials while using a mouse to indicate the card currently under consideration. Evans (1996) had shown that selected cards were inspected for longer than non-selected cards, and this was taken as support for the existence of pre-conscious heuristic processes that direct attention towards relevant aspects of a problem. However, Roberts (1998b) suggested that this inspection time effect is artefactual, due to task format induced biases. Experiment 1 utilized a “change” task: Cards were presented either as selected or not selected, and subjects changed these where necessary. This demonstrated an association between card selection and inspection time independently of one between the act of response and inspection time. Experiment 2 utilized a standard selection task, but subjects either responded within 2 s of each card presentation, or made selections with no time pressure. The curtailment of thinking time increased matching behaviour—more cards matching the terms in the rules were selected—and was replicated in Experiment 3 using a within-subjects design. Overall, the data support Evans’ heuristic-analytic framework albeit with some caveats.

The influence of response grouping on free-choice decision making in a response selection task

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Khan ◽  
Stuart Mourton ◽  
Eric Buckolz ◽  
Jos J. Adam ◽  
Amy E. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Choice Decision

Interference with Performance of a Response Selection Task that has no Working Memory Component: An rTMS Comparison of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal and Medial Frontal Cortex

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Hadland ◽  
M. F. S. Rushworth ◽  
R. E. Passingham ◽  
M. Jahanshahi ◽  
J. C. Rothwell
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Element ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

It has been suggested that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is involved in free selection (FS), the process by which subjects themselves decide what action to perform. Evidence for this proposal has been provided by imaging studies showing activation of the DLPFC when subjects randomly generate responses. However, these response selection tasks have a hidden working memory element and it has been widely reported that the DLPFC is activated when subjects perform tasks which involve working memory. The primary aim of this experiment was to establish if the DLPFC is genuinely involved in response selection. We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to investigate whether temporary interference of the DLPFC could disrupt performance of a response selection task that had no working memory component. Subjects performed tasks in which they made bimanual sequences of eight nonrepeating finger movements. In the FS task, subjects chose their movements at random while a computer monitor displayed these moves. This visual feedback obviated the need for subjects to maintain their previous moves “on-line.” No selection was required for the two control tasks as responses were cued by the visual display. The attentional demands of the control tasks varied. In the high load (HL) version, subjects had to maintain their attention throughout the sequence, but this requirement was absent in the low load (LL) task. rTMS over the DLPFC slowed response times on the FS task and at the end of the sequence on the HL task, but had no effect on the LL task. rTMS over the medial frontal cortex (MFC) slowed response times on the FS task but had no effect on the HL task. This suggests that a response selection task without a working memory load will depend on the DLPFC and the MFC. The difference appears to be that the DLPFC is important when selecting between competing responses or when concentrating if there is a high attentional demand, but that the MFC is only important during the response selection task.

Behavioural and neural effects of diazepam on a rule-guided response selection task

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Muñoz-Torres ◽  
J.L. Armony ◽  
D. Trejo-Martínez ◽  
R. Conde ◽  
M. Corsi-Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Response Selection ◽  
Selection Task

Mind and Body

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Mind And Body

Faster Choice-Reaction Times to Positive than to Negative Facial Expressions

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka M. Leppänen ◽  
Mirja Tenhunen ◽  
Jari K. Hietanen
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Happy Face ◽  
Response Onset ◽  
Response Execution ◽  
Onset Response ◽  
Positive Stimuli ◽  
Choice Reaction Times

Abstract Several studies have shown faster choice-reaction times to positive than to negative facial expressions. The present study examined whether this effect is exclusively due to faster cognitive processing of positive stimuli (i.e., processes leading up to, and including, response selection), or whether it also involves faster motor execution of the selected response. In two experiments, response selection (onset of the lateralized readiness potential, LRP) and response execution (LRP onset-response onset) times for positive (happy) and negative (disgusted/angry) faces were examined. Shorter response selection times for positive than for negative faces were found in both experiments but there was no difference in response execution times. Together, these results suggest that the happy-face advantage occurs primarily at premotoric processing stages. Implications that the happy-face advantage may reflect an interaction between emotional and cognitive factors are discussed.

Infrahumanizing Praise

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. White ◽  
Ludwin E. Molina
Keyword(s):  
College Athletes ◽  
Black Athletes ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Mind

Abstract. Five studies demonstrate that athletic praise can ironically lead to infrahumanization. College athletes were seen as less agentic than college debaters (Studies 1 and 2). College athletes praised for their bodies were also seen as less agentic than college athletes praised for their minds (Study 3), and this effect was driven by bodily admiration (Study 4). These effects occurred equally for White and Black athletes (Study 1) and did not depend on dualistic beliefs about the mind and body (Study 2), failing to provide support for assumptions in the literature. Participants perceived mind and body descriptions of both athletes and debaters as equally high in praise (Study 5), demonstrating that infrahumanization may be induced even if descriptions of targets are positively valenced. Additionally, decreased perceptions of agency led to decreased support for college athletes’ rights (Study 3).

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