The influence of response grouping on free-choice decision making in a response selection task

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Khan ◽  
Stuart Mourton ◽  
Eric Buckolz ◽  
Jos J. Adam ◽  
Amy E. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Choice Decision

scholarly journals Value-based attentional capture influences context-dependent decision-making

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 560-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirawaj Itthipuripat ◽  
Kexin Cha ◽  
Napat Rangsipat ◽  
John T. Serences
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Electrophysiological Data ◽  
High Reward ◽  
Divisive Normalization ◽  
Choice Decision ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Normative theories posit that value-based decision-making is context independent. However, decisions between two high-value options can be suboptimally biased by the introduction of a third low-value option. This context-dependent modulation is consistent with the divisive normalization of the value of each stimulus by the total value of all stimuli. In addition, an independent line of research demonstrates that pairing a stimulus with a high-value outcome can lead to attentional capture that can mediate the efficiency of visual information processing. Here we tested the hypothesis that value-based attentional capture interacts with value-based normalization to influence the optimality of decision-making. We used a binary-choice paradigm in which observers selected between two targets and the color of each target indicated the magnitude of their reward potential. Observers also had to simultaneously ignore a task-irrelevant distractor rendered in a color that was previously associated with a specific reward magnitude. When the color of the task-irrelevant distractor was previously associated with a high reward, observers responded more slowly and less optimally. Moreover, as the learned value of the distractor increased, electrophysiological data revealed an attenuation of the lateralized N1 and N2Pc responses evoked by the relevant choice stimuli and an attenuation of the late positive deflection (LPD). Collectively, these behavioral and electrophysiological data suggest that value-based attentional capture and value-based normalization jointly mediate the influence of context on free-choice decision-making.

A Field Study of Two Measures of Work Motivation for Predicting Leader's Transformational Behaviors

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Barbuto ◽  
Susan M. Fritz ◽  
David Marx
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Job Choice ◽  
Idealized Influence ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Inspirational Motivation ◽  
Choice Decision ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Influence Behavior

Relationships between motivation and transformational leadership were examined in this study. 56 leaders and 234 followers from a variety of organizations were sampled. Leaders were administered the Motivation Sources Inventory and the Job Choice Decision-making Exercise, while followers reported leaders' behaviors using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ–rater version). Scores on the Motivation Sources Inventory subscales subsequently correlated with the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire subscales of inspirational motivation, idealized influence (behavior), and individualized consideration (range, r = .13 to .23). There were no significant correlations among any of the Job Choice Decision-making Exercise subscales with any of the variables measured.

scholarly journals Outcome contingency selectively affects the neural coding of outcomes but not of tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wisniewski ◽  
Birte Forstmann ◽  
Marcel Brass
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Neural Coding ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Multivariate Pattern Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

AbstractValue-based decision-making is ubiquitous in every-day life, and critically depends on the contingency between choices and their outcomes. Only if outcomes are contingent on our choices can we make meaningful value-based decisions. Here, we investigate the effect of outcome contingency on the neural coding of rewards and tasks. Participants performed a reversal-learning paradigm in which reward outcomes were contingent on trial-by-trial choices, and performed a ‘free choice’ paradigm in which rewards were random and not contingent on choices. We hypothesized that contingent outcomes enhance the neural coding of rewards and tasks, which was tested using multivariate pattern analysis of fMRI data. Reward outcomes were encoded in a large network including the striatum, dmPFC and parietal cortex, and these representations were indeed amplified for contingent rewards. Tasks were encoded in the dmPFC at the time of decision-making, and in parietal cortex in a subsequent maintenance phase. We found no evidence for contingency-dependent modulations of task signals, demonstrating highly similar coding across contingency conditions. Our findings suggest selective effects of contingency on reward coding only, and further highlight the role of dmPFC and parietal cortex in value-based decision-making, as these were the only regions strongly involved in both reward and task coding.

scholarly journals Integrating Mind and Body in a Response Selection Task: From Neural Decisions to Mouse Trajectories...and Back Again

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron T. Buss ◽  
Tim Wifall ◽  
Gregor Schoener ◽  
Eliot Hazeltine ◽  
John P. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Response Selection ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Mind And Body

Reconciling Emotion and Rational Choice: Negativistic Auto Theft, Consequence Irrelevance, and the Seduction of Destruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-815
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Jacobs ◽  
Michael Cherbonneau
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Auto Theft ◽  
Choice Decision ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
Depth Interviews

Objectives: We explore negativism in the context of auto theft and examine its broader phenomenological significance for Rational Choice Theory. Methods: Data were drawn from qualitative, in-depth interviews with 35 active auto thieves operating out of a large Midwestern U.S. city. Results: Negativistic offending is malicious, spiteful, and/or destructive conduct whose purpose is typically more hedonic (i.e., short-term gratification) than instrumental (i.e., resource-generating) or normative (i.e., moralistic). It is made possible by the notion of ownership without responsibility: Offenders controlled a vehicle that was not theirs, promoting consequence irrelevance which in turn unleashed reckless conduct. Conclusions: Consequence irrelevance clarifies negativism’s logic and permits linkage between affect-based and rational choice decision-making models.

The Anterior Cingulate and Reward-Guided Selection of Actions

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 1161-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Hadland ◽  
M.F.S. Rushworth ◽  
D. Gaffan ◽  
R. E. Passingham
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Conditional Response ◽  
Visual Discrimination Learning ◽  
Selection Of

Macaques were taught a reward-conditional response selection task; they learned to associate each of two different actions to each of two different rewards and to select actions that were appropriate for particular rewards. They were also taught a visual discrimination learning task. Cingulate lesions significantly impaired selection of responses associated with different rewards but did not interfere with visual discrimination learning or performance. The results suggest that 1) the cingulate cortex is concerned with action reward associations and not limited to just detecting when actions lead to errors and 2) that the cingulate cortex's function is limited to action reinforcer associations and it is not concerned with stimulus reward associations.

scholarly journals Validation of the Food-Linked Virtual Response task

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Pascoe ◽  
Laura Smart Richman ◽  
Daniel Kort
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Health Consciousness ◽  
Cognitive Restraint ◽  
Dietary Selection ◽  
Response Task

This research validates a computerized dietary selection task (Food-Linked Virtual Response or FLVR) for use in studies of food consumption. In two studies, FLVR task responses were compared with measures of health consciousness, mood, body mass index, personality, cognitive restraint toward food, and actual food selections from a buffet table. The FLVR task was associated with variables which typically predict healthy decision-making and was unrelated to mood or body mass index. Furthermore, the FLVR task predicted participants’ unhealthy selections from the buffet, but not overall amount of food. The FLVR task is an inexpensive, valid, and easily administered option for assessing momentary dietary decisions.

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