Reappraisal versus distraction: The neural correlates of emotion regulation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy N. Johnson ◽  
Robert L. West
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Neural Correlates

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation and Adolescent Suicidal Ideation

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Bryant Miller ◽  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Daniel S. Busso ◽  
Stephanie Brueck ◽  
Matthew Peverill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Neural Correlates

scholarly journals Autobiographical Script-Driven Imagery Has No Detectable Effect on Emotion Regulation in Healthy Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Stephan Köhler ◽  
Veith Andreas Weilnhammer ◽  
Henrik Walter ◽  
Susanne Erk ◽  
Philipp Sterzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthy Participants

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Emotion regulation (ER), the ability to actively modulate one’s own emotion reactions, likely depends on the individual’s current emotional state. Here, we investigated whether negative emotions induced by an interpersonal autobiographic script affect the neuronal processes underlying ER. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty healthy participants were recruited and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of distancing, a specific ER strategy, while viewing emotionally arousing pictures. Participants were instructed to either naturally experience (“permit” condition) or to actively downregulate (“regulate” condition) their emotional responses to the presented stimuli. Before each of the 4 runs in total, a neutral or negative autobiographical audio script was presented. The negative script comprised an emotionally negative event from childhood or adolescence that represented either emotional abuse or emotional neglect. The second event comprised an everyday neutral situation. We aimed at identifying the neural correlates of ER and their modulation by script-driven imagery. <b><i>Results:</i></b> fMRI analyses testing for greater responses in the “regulate” than the “permit” condition replicated previously reported neural correlates of ER in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right inferior parietal lobule. A significant ER effect was also observed in the left orbitofrontal cortex. In the amygdala, we found greater responses in the “permit” compared to the “regulate” condition. We did not observe a significant modulation of the ER effects in any of these regions by the negative emotional state induced by autobiographical scripts. Bayesian statistics confirmed the absence of such modulations by providing marginal evidence for null effects. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> While we replicated previously reported neural correlates of ER, we found no evidence for an effect of mood induction with individualized autobiographical scripts on the neural processes underlying ER in healthy participants.

Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation: Differential Effects of Reappraisal and Suppression

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hermann ◽  
T. Pejic ◽  
D. Vaitl ◽  
R. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Differential Effects

Neural predictors and effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: the role of emotional reactivity and regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Rubin-Falcone ◽  
Jochen Weber ◽  
Ronit Kishon ◽  
Kevin Ochsner ◽  
Lauren Delaparte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Bold Signal

AbstractBackgroundCognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for many patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD), but predictors of treatment outcome are lacking, and little is known about its neural mechanisms. We recently identified longitudinal changes in neural correlates of conscious emotion regulation that scaled with clinical responses to CBT for MDD, using a negative autobiographical memory-based task.MethodsWe now examine the neural correlates of emotional reactivity and emotion regulation during viewing of emotionally salient images as predictors of treatment outcome with CBT for MDD, and the relationship between longitudinal change in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses and clinical outcomes. Thirty-two participants with current MDD underwent baseline MRI scanning followed by 14 sessions of CBT. The fMRI task measured emotional reactivity and emotion regulation on separate trials using standardized images from the International Affective Pictures System. Twenty-one participants completed post-treatment scanning. Last observation carried forward was used to estimate clinical outcome for non-completers.ResultsPre-treatment emotional reactivity Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal within hippocampus including CA1 predicted worse treatment outcome. In contrast, better treatment outcome was associated with increased down-regulation of BOLD activity during emotion regulation from time 1 to time 2 in precuneus, occipital cortex, and middle frontal gyrus.ConclusionsCBT may modulate the neural circuitry of emotion regulation. The neural correlates of emotional reactivity may be more strongly predictive of CBT outcome. The finding that treatment outcome was predicted by BOLD signal in CA1 may suggest overgeneralized memory as a negative prognostic factor in CBT outcome.

scholarly journals Cognitive emotion regulation and personality: an analysis of individual differences in the neural and behavioral correlates of successful reappraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Scheffel ◽  
Kersten Diers ◽  
Sabine Schönfeld ◽  
Burkhard Brocke ◽  
Alexander Strobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Correlates ◽  
Relaxation Period ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract A common and mostly effective emotion regulation strategy is reappraisal. During reappraisal, activity in cognitive control brain regions increases and activity in brain regions associated with emotion responding (e.g., the amygdala) diminishes. Immediately after reappraisal, it has been observed that activity in the amygdala increases again, which might reflect a paradoxical aftereffect. While there is extensive empirical evidence for these neural correlates of emotion regulation, only few studies targeted the association with individual differences in personality traits. The aim of this study is to investigate these associations more thoroughly. Seventy-six healthy participants completed measures of broad personality traits (Big Five, Positive and Negative Affect) as well as of more narrow traits (habitual use of emotion regulation) and performed an experimental fMRI reappraisal task. Participants were instructed to either permit their emotions or to detach themselves from the presented negative and neutral pictures. After each picture, a relaxation period was included. Reappraisal success was determined by arousal ratings and activity in the amygdala. During reappraisal, we found activation in the prefrontal cortex and deactivation in the left amygdala. During the relaxation period, an immediate aftereffect was found in occipital regions and marginally in the amygdala. Neither personality traits nor habitual use of emotion regulation predicted reappraisal success or the magnitude of the aftereffect. We replicated typical activation and deactivation patterns during intentional emotion regulation and partially replicated the immediate aftereffect in the amygdala. However, there was no association between personality traits and emotion regulation success.

scholarly journals Behavioural and neural correlates of self-focused emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gaebler ◽  
Judith Daniels ◽  
Jan-Peter Lamke ◽  
Thomas Fydrich ◽  
Henrik Walter
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Neural Correlates

scholarly journals The Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation by Implementation Intentions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0119500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn P. Hallam ◽  
Thomas L. Webb ◽  
Paschal Sheeran ◽  
Eleanor Miles ◽  
Iain D. Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Implementation Intentions ◽  
Neural Correlates

scholarly journals The Neurocircuitry Underlying Additive Effects of Safety Instruction on Extinction Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Javanbakht ◽  
Lana Ruvolo Grasser ◽  
Shantanu Madaboosi ◽  
Asadur Chowdury ◽  
Israel Liberzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Exposure Therapy ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Extinction Learning ◽  
Psychophysiological Interaction ◽  
Healthy Participants

Extinction learning is the dominant laboratory model for exposure therapy, a treatment involving both experience of safety near the feared object, and safety instructions relayed by a therapist. While the experiential aspect of extinction learning is well researched, less is known about instructed extinction learning and its neurocircuitry. Here, in 14 healthy participants we examined the neural correlates of, and the network interactions evoked by instructed extinction learning. Following fear conditioning to two CS+ stimuli, participants were instructed about the absence of the aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) for one of the CS+s (instructed CS; CS+I) but not the second CS+ (uninstructed CS+; CS+U). Early during extinction learning, greater activation was observed for the CS+I &gt; CS+U contrast in regions including the vmPFC, dmPFC, vlPFC, and right parahippocampus. Subsequently, psychophysiological interaction (PPI) was applied to investigate functional connectivity of a seed in the vmPFC. This analyses revealed significant modulation of the dmPFC, parahippocampus, amygdala, and insula. Our findings suggest that the addition of cognitive instruction yields greater activation of emotion regulation and reappraisal networks during extinction learning. This work is a step in advancing laboratory paradigms that more accurately model exposure therapy and identifies regions which may be potential targets for neuromodulation to enhance psychotherapy effects.

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